Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease at Live Birth in China
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in China based on a large prospective multicenter screening study. Study design A total of 122 765 consecutive infants born at 18 hospitals throughout China between August 1, 2011, and November 30, 2012, were included. Cases of CHD were identified by echocardiography, clinical assessment, and telephone follow-up. Results The overall prevalence of CHD was 8.98 per 1000 live births (critical, 1.46; serious, 1.47; significant, 5.00; nonsignificant, 1.07), including 7.15 in male infants and 11.11 in female infants. The most common CHD was ventricular septal defect (3.3), followed by atrial septal defect (1.7), patent ductus arteriosus (0.78), pulmonary stenosis (0.73), tetralogy of Fallot (0.47), and transposition of the great arteries (0.35). Female predominance was observed for all CHD and mild CHD (significant and nonsignificant), and male predominance was observed for the critical CHDs. The proportion of preterm newborns was substantially higher among the major CHD cases (critical and serious) compared with normal newborns. There were appreciably more low birth weight infants among the critical CHD cases compared with normal newborns. Significantly higher rates of ventricular septal defect and atrioventricular septal defect were found in infants born to mothers aged ≥35 years. Extracardiac anomalies were found in 9.3% of CHD cases. The risk of CHD was increased by approximately 3-fold when a first-degree relative had CHD. Conclusions Our estimates are concordant with data from Western studies. This screening study may provide more accurate and complete information on the overall prevalence of CHD in China.
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Two studies from China reported Tetralogy of Fallot prevalence of 5.25% and 5.3% among congenital heart defect cases.
“Another two studies from China reported 5.25% and 5.3% prevalence of TOF among CHD cases [13, 14].”
In subgroup analysis by geographic region, a surprisingly high Tetralogy of Fallot prevalence was reported across all regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, exceeding global estimates and reports from developed countries.
“In a subgroup analysis based on the geographic region, a surprisingly high prevalence was reported across all regions of Sub-Saharan Africa.”
The observed Tetralogy of Fallot prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa is considerably higher than global estimates and reports from developed countries.
“The prevalence of Tetralogy of Fallot observed was found considerably higher compared to global estimate and reports of developed countries.”
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- Authors
- Zhao, Q.-M., Liu, F., Wu, L., Ma, X.-J., Niu, C., & Huang, G.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University (CN)
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 204
- Pages
- 53-58
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3151453088
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 12.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC1000506)
- Shanghai Municipal Government (2015-82)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
- Keywords
- congenital heart disease, prevalence, live birth, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary stenosis, sex differences, preterm birth, low birth weight, maternal age, family history (medicine), extracardiac anomalies, China
- MeSH terms
- China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies, Prevalence, Neonatal Screening, Live Birth
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