The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
QUESTION: What are the effects of specific types of exercise treatments on pain intensity and functional limitation outcomes for adults with chronic low back pain? DESIGN: Systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with non-specific low back pain for ≥ 12 weeks. INTERVENTION: Exercise treatments prescribed or planned by a health professional that involved conducting specific activities, postures and/or movements with a goal to improve low back pain outcomes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain intensity (eg, visual analogue scale or numerical rating scale) and back-related functional limitations (eg, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire or Oswestry Disability Index), each standardised to range from 0 to 100. RESULTS: This review included 217 randomised controlled trials with 20,969 participants and 507 treatment groups. Most exercise types were more effective than minimal treatment for pain and functional limitation outcomes. Network meta-analysis results were compatible with moderate to clinically important treatment effects for Pilates, McKenzie therapy, and functional restoration (pain only) and flexibility exercises (function only) compared with minimal treatment, other effective treatments and other exercise types. The estimated mean differences for these exercise types compared with minimal treatment ranged from -15 to -19 for pain and from -10 to -12 for functional limitation. CONCLUSION: This review found evidence that Pilates, McKenzie therapy and functional restoration were more effective than other types of exercise treatment for reducing pain intensity and functional limitations. Nevertheless, people with chronic low back pain should be encouraged to perform the exercise that they enjoy to promote adherence. REGISTRATION: DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009790.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent systematic review with an NMA of 217 randomised controlled trials has shown that patients with LBP benefit from being encouraged to perform exercises that they enjoy.118”
From Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Fairbank, J. C. T., Couper, J., Davies, J. B., & O'Brien, J. P. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29805-2_3023 · Cited by 3,954
Chou, R., Qaseem, A., Snow, V., Casey, D., Cross, J. T., Shekelle, P., Owens, D. K., & for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Physicians/American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel* (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006 · Cited by 2,718
Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis
Dias, S., Welton, N. J., Caldwell, D. M., & Ades, A. E. (2010) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3767 · Cited by 2,521
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Fairbank, J. C. T., Couper, J., Davies, J. B., & O'Brien, J. P. (2020) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t04205-000 · Cited by 2,033
CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis
Nikolakopoulou, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Papakonstantinou, T., Chaimani, A., Del Giovane, C., Egger, M., & Salanti, G. (2020) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003082 · Cited by 1,935
The Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire
Roland, M. O., & Fairbank, J. C. T. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00006 · Cited by 1,913
Hayden, J. A., van Tulder, M. W., & TOMLINSON, G. A. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00014 · Cited by 852
Self-citation2015 Updated Method Guideline for Systematic Reviews in the Cochrane Back and Neck Group
Furlan, A. D., Malmivaara, A., Chou, R., Maher, C. G., Deyo, R. A., Schoene, M., Bronfort, G., & van Tulder, M. W. (2015) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001061 · Cited by 704
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–320 of 320
Wang, J., Lu, Z., Zhao, P., Hu, B., Zhang, X., Nie, S., Fu, M., Guo, X., Wang, Y., & He, B. (2026) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2026.05.007
Haller, N., Köbel, L. M., Schäffer, L., Overath, J., & Niederer, D. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-54397-0
Robles-García, M., González, J. L. S., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Calderón-Díez, L., Rey, B., & Martín‐Vallejo, J. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15124809
Wang, H. Y., Liu, Z., Li, Y., Li, S., Gong, M., Lina, P. A. N. G., Ye, X., & Jin, S. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/94835
Jones, M. D., Pinto, R. Z., Ferreira, M. L., & Gibbs, M. T. (2026) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2026.101621
Tani, K., Shpata, V., Oseku, A., Metolli, S., Matei, D., & Koperaj, O. (2026) · Balneo and PRM Research Journal · doi:10.12680/balneo.2026.1032
Zincirci, D. E., Atar, S., Demırhan, E., Zincirci, M., Ferahman, D., & Kuru, Ö. (2026) · Indian Journal of Orthopaedics · doi:10.1007/s43465-026-01897-w
Swimming can alleviate low back pain – new study
Hancock, M. J., & Wareham, D. M. (2026) · doi:10.64628/aa.qsx7dw4rk
The High‐Intensity Zone: A Dynamic Inflammatory Hub in Lumbar Disc Degeneration
Zhou, Q., Cai, J., Zhu, W., Zhou, S., Zhou, L., Pei, Y., & Wu, G. (2026) · Orthopaedic Surgery · doi:10.1111/os.70389
Hua, L., Zhou, H., Xu, Z., Jiang, X., Gao, S., Li, D., & Yu, J. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.107188
Bansal, P., & Kumar, V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4087-1_21-1
Imai, R., Kata, S., Okada, N., & Kishiro, T. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70362
Plädoyer für eine verantwortliche Rollenverteilung
von Piekartz, H., Trouw, M., & Bant, H. (2026) · MSK – Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie · doi:10.1055/a-2878-1396
Upadhyay, S., Patel, K., & Patel, D. D. (2026) · Apollo Medicine · doi:10.1177/09760016261478717
Cardellat‐González, M., Moral-Muñoz, J. A., Cuevas‐Moreno, A., González‐Gómez, L., Blanco-Heras, L., & Rodríguez‐Domínguez, Á. (2026) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-026-10365-w
Sharma, A., Bora, D. D., Saini, B. D. P., Lakhanpal, D. S., & Agarwal, S. (2026) · PAIN JOINTS SPINE · doi:10.1922/pjs.16.1s.2026.518
Gevers‐Montoro, C., Bergevin, M., Bobeuf, F., Aubertin‐Leheudre, M., Pageaux, B., & Roy, M. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70388
Zhang, H. (2026) · Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.36721/pjps/2026.40.16692.1
Перевозкина, Ю. М., & Gergokov, S. A. (2026) · Humanitarian Military Journal · doi:10.17816/hmj716451
Functional training and dual task as a treatment option for chronic low back pain
Santos, P. D. J., Aragão-Santos, J. C., Behm, D. G., Carvalho, E. Á. N., & Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2026) · Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal · doi:10.32098/mltj_2026_7363
Metadata
- Authors
- Hayden, J. A., Ellis, J., Ogilvie, R., Stewart, S. A., Bagg, M. K., Stanojevic, S., Yamato, T. P., & Saragiotto, B. T.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Department of Water (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hayden, Jill A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Physiotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 252-262
- ISSN
- 1836-9553 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3199777986
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of physiotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2019/10330-4, 2020/14231-8)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Keywords
- chronic low back pain, exercise therapy, Pilates, McKenzie therapy, functional restoration, flexibility training, pain intensity, functional limitations, disability, exercise adherence, non-specific low back pain
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Adult, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Pain Measurement, Low Back Pain, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
