The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sustainable value chain of retired lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in electric vehicles due to the advantages of high energy/power densities, high reliability and long service life. However, considering that a massive number of LIBs will likely retire and enter the waste stream in the near future, the handling of end-of-life LIBs must be taken carefully. The effective utilization of retired LIBs, which still remain about 70–80% of the initial capacity, can extend battery life, conserve natural resources and protect the environment. Herein, this review provides a systematic discussion on the circular value chain (CVC) of spent LIBs, and proposes a 5R principle entailing reduce, redesign, remanufacturing, repurpose and recycling in the CVC process. Then the state-of-the-art technologies for remanufacturing, and a thorough summary of key issues and applications of repurpose process, are presented in detail. Subsequently, this article presents a comprehensive discussion on the recycling process, including pre-treatments and mainstream recycling technologies, from the prospects of technical, economic and regulation perspectives. Advanced technologies such as big data, block chain and cloud-based services, as well as the improvement of regulation and standardization processes, are required to solve the issues. Finally, the future challenges and prospects for sustainable CVC are highlighted.
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Cites
A review on the key issues of the lithium ion battery degradation among the whole life cycle
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Cited by
Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries
Mrozik, W., Rajaeifar, M. A., Heidrich, O., & Christensen, P. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee00691f · Cited by 1,028
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Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects
Wang, M., Liu, K., Dutta, S., Alessi, D. S., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112515 · Cited by 361
Towards the lithium-ion battery production network: Thinking beyond mineral supply chains
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hua, Y., Zhou, S., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Ling, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, C., & Yang, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Power Sources
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 478
- Pages
- 228753
- ISSN
- 0378-7753 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3081473986
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 13.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Hua, Y., Zhou, S., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Ling, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, C., & Yang, S. (2020). Sustainable value chain of retired lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Journal of Power Sources. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228753
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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