Cited by 207Smoking Behavior and CessationNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors StudyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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Functional brain imaging of tobacco use and dependence

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BRODY, A·2006·Journal of Psychiatric Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.04.012PMC PMC2876087

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Abstract

While most cigarette smokers endorse a desire to quit smoking, only about 14% to 49% will achieve abstinence after 6 months or more of treatment. A greater understanding of the effects of smoking on brain function may (in conjunction with other lines of research) result in improved pharmacological (and behavioral) interventions. Many research groups have examined the effects of acute and chronic nicotine/cigarette exposure on brain activity using functional imaging; the purpose of this paper is to synthesize findings from such studies and present a coherent model of brain function in smokers. Responses to acute administration of nicotine/smoking include: a reduction in global brain activity; activation of the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and visual system; activation of the thalamus and visual cortex during visual cognitive tasks; and increased dopamine (DA) concentration in the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens. Responses to chronic nicotine/cigarette exposure include decreased monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activity in the basal ganglia and a reduction in alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) availability in the thalamus and putamen. Taken together, these findings indicate that smoking enhances neurotransmission through cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits either by direct stimulation of nAChRs, indirect stimulation via DA release or MAO inhibition, or a combination of these factors. Activation of this circuitry may be responsible for the effects of smoking seen in tobacco dependent subjects, such as improvements in attentional performance, mood, anxiety, and irritability.

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Authors: BRODY, A.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: BRODY, A
ORCID: BRODY, A
Venue: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-08
Volume: 40
Issue: 5
Pages: 404-418
ISSN: 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.04.012
PMC: PMC2876087
OpenAlex: W2047492603
Cited by: 207
References: 178
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 7.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA020872, R01 DA 15059, R01DA015059)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: tobacco dependence, smoking, nicotine, brain function, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, visual cortex, dopamine, nucleus accumbens, monoamine oxidase, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, alpha4beta2 receptor, basal ganglia, attention, mood, anxiety, irritability
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Dopamine, Humans, Personality, Receptors, Nicotinic, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder

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Functional brain imaging of tobacco use and dependence

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