The DOI matches its Crossref record; 186 of the 188 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neurochemical regulation of sleep
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in the field of sleep regulation, particularly in the role of hormones, and of synthetic GABA(A) receptor agonists. Certain hormones play a specific role in sleep regulation. A reciprocal interaction of the neuropeptides growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in sleep regulation. At least in males GHRH is a common stimulus of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and GH and inhibits the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) hormones, whereas CRH exerts opposite effects. Furthermore CRH may enhance rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). Changes in the GHRH:CRH ratio in favor of CRH appear to contribute to sleep EEG and endocrine changes during depression and normal ageing. In women, however, CRH-like effects of GHRH were found. Besides CRH somatostatin impairs sleep, whereas ghrelin, galanin and neuropeptide Y promote sleep. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide appears to be involved in the temporal organization of human sleep. Beside of peptides, steroids participate in sleep regulation. Cortisol appears to promote REMS. Various neuroactive steroids exert specific effects on sleep. The beneficial effect of estrogen replacement therapy in menopausal women suggests a role of estrogen in sleep regulation. The GABA(A) receptor or GABAergic neurons are involved in the action of many of these hormones. Recently synthetic GABA(A) agonists, particularly gaboxadol and the GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine were shown to differ distinctly in their action from allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor like benzodiazepines as they promote slow-wave sleep, decrease wakefulness and do not affect REMS.
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“Pregnancy causes significant changes in the neuroendocrine system, including gonadal steroids (estrogen and progesterone), pituitary hormones (gonadatrophins, prolactin, and growth hormone), melatonin, and cortisol [52,53].”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
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Interactions between sleep, stress, and metabolism: From physiological to pathological conditions
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The interaction between sleep quality and academic performance
Ahrberg, K., Dresler, M., Niedermaier, S., Steiger, A., & Genzel, L. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.008 · Cited by 371
Self-citationWake and sleep EEG provide biomarkers in depression
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Metadata
- Authors
- Steiger, A.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Steiger, Axel
- ORCID
- Steiger, Axel
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 537-552
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060446870
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 7.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep regulation, neuropeptides, growth hormone-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor, somatostatin, ghrelin, galanin, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neurosteroids, cortisol, estrogen, menopause, GABA-A receptor agonists, gaboxadol, tiagabine, benzodiazepines, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, depression, aging
- MeSH terms
- Tiagabine, Brain, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Electroencephalography, Estrogens, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Isoxazoles, Neuropeptides, Nipecotic Acids, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sleep Stages, Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, GABA Agonists, Hormone Replacement Therapy, GABA-A Receptor Agonists
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