Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms

Saper, Clifford B.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Lu, Jun

doi:10.1038/nature04284

Cited by 2,804Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatoninNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms

Saper, Clifford B., Scammell, Thomas E., Lu, Jun·2005·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature04284

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Abstract

A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environmental influences to shape wake-sleep cycles into the optimal pattern for survival.

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Several neurotransmitters (5-HT, GABA, orexin, melanin concentrating hormone, cholinergic, galanin, noradrenaline and histamine) are involved with the sleep-wake cycle.
“Several neurotransmitters are involved with the sleep-wake cycle including 5–hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), GABA, orexin, melanin concentrating hormone, cholinergic, galanin, noradrenaline and histamine [7].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [7]

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Authors: Saper, C. B., Scammell, T. E., & Lu, J.
Affiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Saper, Clifford B.
ORCID: Saper, Clifford B.
Scammell, Thomas E.
Lu, Jun
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-10-26
Volume: 437
Issue: 7063
Pages: 1257-1263
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature04284
OpenAlex: W2002293846
Cited by: 2,804
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 101 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 162 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 161 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 166 · 2018: 145 · 2017: 132 · 2016: 151 · 2015: 122 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 151 · 2012: 144
FWCI: 8.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords: hypothalamus, sleep regulation, circadian rhythm, wakefulness, sleep-wake cycle, arousal system, thalamus, cerebral cortex, narcolepsy, neurotransmitters, sleep-promoting neurons, sleep medication
MeSH terms: Orexins, Animals, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hypothalamus, Neuropeptides, Sleep, Wakefulness, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

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Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms

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