The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on the driving performance of young adults with ADHD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using a validated driving simulator paradigm
Abstract
Young adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been shown to be at increased risk for impairment in driving behaviors. While stimulant medications have proven efficacy in reducing ADHD symptomatology, there is limited knowledge as to their effects on driving impairment. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on driving performance in young adults with ADHD using a validated driving simulation paradigm. This was a randomized, double-blind, 6-week, placebo-controlled, parallel-design study of LDX vs. a placebo on driving performance in a validated driving simulation paradigm. Subjects were sixty-one outpatients of both sexes, 18-26 years of age, who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Subjects were randomized to receive LDX or placebo after a baseline driving simulation and completed a second driving simulation six weeks after beginning drug or placebo. Examination of reaction time across five surprise events at post-treatment showed a significant positive effect of medication status. LDX treatment was also associated with significantly fewer accidents vs. placebo. LDX treatment was associated with significantly faster reaction times and a lower rate of simulated driving collisions than placebo. These results suggest that LDX may reduce driving risks in young adults with ADHD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A post hoc analysis of the Weisler et al trial noted that LDX was effective in improving symptoms of ADHD in patients who exhibited predominantly inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, or combined symptom clusters, and clinical response did not differ among these groups.
“A post hoc analysis of this trial noted that LDX was effective in improving symptoms of ADHD in patients who exhibited predominantly inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, or combined symptom clusters, and clinical response did not differ among these different groups exhibiting specific predominant subtype symptoms.”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
In Biederman et al randomized controlled trial of 61 ADHD subjects aged 18-26 years, lisdexamfetamine-treated patients had a lower rate of collisions and faster reaction time compared with placebo in a validated driving simulation paradigm.
“In a randomized, controlled trial involving 61 ADHD subjects aged 18–26 years, Biederman et al40 showed that lisdexamfetamine-treated patients had a lower rate of collisions and faster reaction time in comparison with placebo in a validated driving simulation paradigm.”
From Update on optimal use of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of ADHD (2013) · cites this paper as [40]
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
The assessment of anxiety states by rating
HAMILTON, M. (1959) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x · Cited by 11,455 · see citing works
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness
Kennedy, R. S., Lane, N. E., Berbaum, K. S., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1993) · The International Journal of Aviation Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap0303_3 · Cited by 5,457 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886 · see citing works
Self-citationStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,582 · see citing works
Mehler, B. L., Reimer, B., Coughlin, J. F., & Dusek, J. A. (2009) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2138-02 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationBarkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., Dupaul, G. J., & Bush, T. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702801345 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Kwasnik, D. (1996) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.98.6.1089 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Mick, E., Surman, C., Doyle, R., Hammerness, P., Harpold, T., Dunkel, S., Dougherty, M., Aleardi, M., & Spencer, T. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.011 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationAdler, L. A., Goodman, D. W., Kollins, S. H., Weisler, R. H., Krishnan, S., Zhang, Y., & Biederman, J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0903 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationFischer, M., Barkley, R. A., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2007) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.06.008 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Driving impairments in teens and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Barkley, R. A. (2004) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00091-1 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Risky Driving in Adolescents and Young Adults with Childhood ADHD
Thompson, A. L., Molina, B. S. G., Pelham, W. E., & Gnagy, E. M. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm002 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Impact of Cognitive Task Complexity on Drivers’ Visual Tunneling
Reimer, B. (2009) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2138-03 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationReimer, B., & Mehler, B. L. (2011) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2011.604431 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Mehler, B. L., Reimer, B., et al. (2010) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130903464358 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationWeisler, R. H., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., Wilens, T. E., Faraone, S. V., Chrisman, A. K., Read, S. C., & Tulloch, S. J. (2006) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900013687 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat we know about ADHD and driving risk: a literature review, meta-analysis and critique.
Jerome, L., Segal, A., & Habinski, L. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Spencer, T. J., Adler, L. A., McGough, J. J., Muniz, R., Jiang, H., & Pestreich, L. K. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.032 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Cox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Kovatchev, B. P., & Seward, R. L. (2000) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200004000-00006 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Using self-reported data to assess the validity of driving simulation data
Reimer, B., D’Ambrosio, L. A., Coughlin, J. F., Kafrissen, M. E., & Biederman, J. (2006) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192783 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationCox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Penberthy, J. K., Kovatchev, B., & Hankin, C. S. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200403000-00007 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., O’Connell, T., & Connor, D. F. (2005) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2005.01.001 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Reimer, B., Mehler, B. L., D’Ambrosio, L. A., & Fried, R. S. (2010) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.021 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationReimer, B., D’Ambrosio, L. A., Gilbert, J., Coughlin, J. F., Biederman, J., Surman, C. B. H., Fried, R. S., & Aleardi, M. (2005) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.05.002 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationCox, D. J., Merkel, R. L., Moore, M., Thorndike, F., Muller, C., & Kovatchev, B. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2947 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Reimer, B., Mehler, B. L., Coughlin, J. F., Roy, N., & Dusek, J. A. (2010) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2010.09.002 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationKay, G., Michaels, M. A., & Pakull, B. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708322986 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Fried, R. S., Monuteaux, M. C., Reimer, B., Coughlin, J. F., Surman, C. B. H., Aleardi, M., Dougherty, M., Schoenfeld, S., Spencer, T. J., et al. (2007) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-6-4 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationTask-Induced Fatigue and Collisions in Adult Drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Reimer, B., D’Ambrosio, L. A., Coughlin, J. F., Fried, R. S., & Biederman, J. (2007) · Traffic Injury Prevention · doi:10.1080/15389580701257842 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationReimer, B., Mehler, B. L., Wang, Y., & Coughlin, J. F. (2010) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193121005402407 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationTRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS 1992, PEDESTRIANS.
Klein, T. M. (1993) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mehler, B. L., Reimer, B., Pohlmeyer, A. E., & Coughlin, J. F. (2008) · Advances in transportation studies · doi:10.4399/97888548259876 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationReimer, B., Mehler, B. L., Wang, Y., et al. (2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e578852012-007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fried, 2009, Driving deficits in young adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Journal of ADHD and Related Disorders, 1, 49
- Laberge, J., Ward, N., Manser, M., Karatekin, C., Yonas, A. (2005). Driving skills among ADHD drivers: Preliminary research. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology (ICTTP).
- National Institute of Mental Health, 1985, CGI (clinical global impression) scale- NIMH, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 839
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Collaborators, O. B. O. T. W. W. M. H. S., Fayyad, J., Sampson, N. A., Hwang, I., Adamowski, T., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L. H. S. G., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2017) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Chang, Z., Lichtenstein, P., D’Onofrio, B. M., Sjölander, A., & Larsson, H. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4174 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
A literature review and meta-analysis on the effects of ADHD medications on functional outcomes
Boland, H., DiSalvo, M., Fried, R., Woodworth, K. Y., Wilens, T., Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.006 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationADHD and relative risk of accidents in road traffic: a meta-analysis
Vaa, T. (2014) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.003 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Update on optimal use of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of ADHD
Madaan, V., Kolli, V., Bestha, D., & Shah, M. (2013) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s34092 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Najib, J., Wimer, D., Zeng, J., Lam, K. W., Romanyak, N., Paige Morgan, E., & Thadavila, A. (2017) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573517728090 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zimovetz, E. A., Joseph, A., Ayyagari, R., & Mauskopf, J. A. (2018) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-016-0864-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Biederman, J., Fried, R., Hammerness, P., Surman, C., Mehler, B., Petty, C. R., Faraone, S. V., Miller, C., Bourgeois, M., Meller, B., Godfrey, K. M., & Reimer, B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- New England University Transportation Center (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Biederman, Joseph
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 484-491
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2141839002
- Semantic Scholar
- 72b960d6e6b2105f064450e269115cebabfb6f7c
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Keywords
- lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, driving performance, driving simulation, young adults, stimulant medication, reaction time, traffic accidents, driving impairment, road safety
- MeSH terms
- Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate, Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Automobile Driving, Dextroamphetamine, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, User-Computer Interface, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
