The effectiveness of high-frequency left DLPFC-rTMS on depression, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility in female subjects with major depressive disorder
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on depression severity, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility in subjects with major depressive disorder. Methods Twenty-eight female subjects with major depressive disorder were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. High frequency (20 Hz) rTMS stimulation at 85% of the MT consisted of 25 trains of 5 s duration, a total of 2500 pulses/session or sham stimulation was applied over the left DLPFC for five consecutive days per week, for two weeks. Depression severity, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility of subjects were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory, Go/NoGo, and Wisconsin sort cards (WCST) tests, respectively, pre- and post-TMS intervention. Results rTMS over the left DLPFC significantly decreased the depression severity at the Beck Depression Inventory, enhanced accuracy, and decreased reaction time at the Go/NoGo task. In the Wisconsin Card Sort Test, perseverative and non-perseverative errors and failure to maintain a set index significantly decreased following rTMS treatment. Conclusions Findings indicate that 20-Hz rTMS treatment on the left DLPFC has a positive effect on depression severity, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility in depressed subjects.
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Cognitive improvements following rTMS have been observed in younger adults with depression across various domains including learning and memory, attention, executive function, and psychomotor processing speed.
“Cognitive improvements following rTMS have been observed in younger adults with depression across various domains including learning and memory,16–18 attention, 19 executive function19–24 and psychomotor processing speed.”
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Cognitive inflexibility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and traits and poor post-pandemic adjustment
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- Authors
- Asgharian Asl, F., & Vaghef, L.
- Affiliations
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University (IR)
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 149
- Pages
- 287-292
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210670522
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, high-frequency rTMS, major depressive disorder, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, perseveration, female patients, depression severity
- MeSH terms
- Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Cognition, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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