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Mindfulness training for healthcare professionals and trainees: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Objective Healthcare professionals (HCPs) experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms that can affect quality of patient care. Previous meta-analyses exploring mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for HCPs have been limited by their narrow scope regarding intervention type, target population, and/or measures, and reliance on uncontrolled studies; therefore, a more comprehensive and methodologically rigorous examination is warranted. This meta-analysis quantified the effectiveness of MBIs on distress, well-being, physical health, and performance in HCPs and HCPs-in-training.Method RCTs examining the effect of meditation and MBIs on HCPs and HCPs-in-training were identified and reviewed. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias.Results Thirty-eight studies were included in the analyses (n = 2505; 75.88% female). Intervention had a significant moderate effect on anxiety (Hedge's g = 0.47), depression (Hedge's g = 0.41), psychological distress (Hedge's g = 0.46), and stress (Hedge's g = 0.52). Small to moderate effects were also found for burnout (Hedge's g = 0.26) and well-being at post-intervention (Hedge's g = 0.32). Effects were not significant for physical health and performance. Larger intervention effects on overall outcomes were found with HCPs (Hedge's g = 0.52), with Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction intervention (Hedge's g = 0.47), and inactive controls (Hedge's g = 0.36).Conclusions Results suggest mindfulness-based interventions are effective in reducing distress and improving well-being in HCPs and HCP-ITs. Subgroup analyses suggest the importance of exploring potential participants' needs prior to selecting the type of mindfulness intervention. Future studies should assess changes in mindfulness and include active controls.
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“Our finding that nurses who used the mindfulness app regularly could experience change is consistent with the findings of a 2019 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that found that mindfulness training could reduce distress and improve well-being in health care professionals (Spinelli et al., 2019).”
From Emergency department nurses' experiences of a mindfulness training intervention: A phenomenological exploration (2023) · cites this paper as Spinelli et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“fourteen studies in the review did not measure mindfulness as an outcome measure pre- and post-intervention, thus making it difficult to ascertain whether effective treatment outcomes were a consequence of increased mindfulness skills (Spinelli et al. 2019) or other factors such as social support of group cohesion.”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Spinelli et al. 2019
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Goldberg, S. B., Riordan, K. M., Sun, S., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620968771 · Cited by 520
Kriakous, S. A., Elliott, K. A., Lamers, C., & Owen, R. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01500-9 · Cited by 342
“…in the review did not measure mindfulness as an outcome measure pre- and post-intervention, thus making it difficult to ascertain whether effective treatment outcomes were a consequence of increased mindfulness skills (Spinelli et al. 2019) or other factors such as social support of group cohesion.”
BackgroundMethodResultGalante, J., Friedrich, C., Dawson, A. F., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Gebbing, P., Delgado-Suárez, I., Gupta, R., Dean, L., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., et al. (2021) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003481 · Cited by 319
Conversano, C., Ciacchini, R., Orrù, G., Di Giuseppe, M., Gemignani, A., & Poli, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01683 · Cited by 243
Orrù, G., Bertelloni, D., Diolaiuti, F., Mucci, F., Giuseppe, M. D., Biella, M., Gemignani, A., Ciacchini, R., & Conversano, C. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9050575 · Cited by 124
Metadata
- Authors
- Spinelli, C., Wisener, M., & Khoury, B.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Spinelli, Christina
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 120
- Pages
- 29-38
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2922353268
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2019-08-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, healthcare workers, medical trainees, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, burnout, well-being, stress, mindfulness-based stress reduction, meditation, occupational health
- MeSH terms
- Health Personnel, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Mindfulness
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