Three-way interaction of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness in the internalizing disorders: Evidence of disorder specificity in a psychiatric sample
Open accessAbstract
It is well-established that neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness are individually associated with internalizing disorders, but research suggests that these main effects may be qualified by a three-way interaction when predicting depression. The current study was the first to examine this three-way interaction in a psychiatric sample (N=463) with a range of internalizing symptoms as the outcomes. Using two omnibus personality inventories and a diagnostic interview, the expected three-way interaction emerged most consistently for symptoms of major depression, and there was also evidence of synergistic effects for post-traumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Findings indicate that, even in a clinically-distressed and currently-disordered sample, high levels of extraversion and conscientiousness protect against distress disorders for those with high levels of neuroticism.
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Higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness are linked to lower risk of anxiety disorders among individuals with high neuroticism.
“higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness linked to lower risk of anxiety disorders among individuals with high neuroticism 145”
From The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management (2021) · cites this paper as [145]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that high extraversion and conscientiousness conferred some protection against high neuroticism for GAD and PTSD. But it describes the stronger finding for those disorders as increased risk from *low* levels of both traits, and reports no interactions for the other anxiety disorders studied. The claim overgeneralizes the protective finding to anxiety disorders as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Naragon-Gainey, K., & Simms, L. J.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- ORCID
- Simms, Leonard J.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 16-26
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5693372
- OpenAlex
- W2614565044
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH080086)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, Big Five personality traits, three-way interaction, internalizing disorders, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, personality and psychopathology, psychiatric patients
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