Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for the prevention and management of osteoporosis
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Objectives Osteoporotic fractures are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although exercise has long been recommended for the prevention and management of osteoporosis, existing guidelines are often non-specific and do not account for individual differences in bone health, fracture risk and functional capacity. The aim of the current position statement is to provide health practitioners with specific, evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective exercise prescription for the prevention or management of osteoporosis, accommodating a range of potential comorbidities.Design Position statement.Methods Interpretation and application of research reports describing the effects of exercise interventions for the prevention and management of low bone mass, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.Results Evidence from animal and human trials indicates that bone responds positively to impact activities and high intensity progressive resistance training. Furthermore, the optimisation of muscle strength, balance and mobility minimises the risk of falls (and thereby fracture), which is particularly relevant for individuals with limited functional capacity and/or a very high risk of osteoporotic fracture. It is important that all exercise programs be accompanied by sufficient calcium and vitamin D, and address issues of comorbidity and safety. For example, loaded spine flexion is not recommended, and impact activities may require modification in the presence of osteoarthritis or frailty.Conclusions Specific guidelines for safe and effective exercise for bone health are presented. Individual exercise prescription must take into account existing bone health status, co-morbidities, and functional or clinical risk factors for falls and fracture.
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Recent studies suggest optimal adaptations continue to accrue with high-intensity resistance and power training in older adults.
“However, recent studies suggest optimal adaptations continue to accrue with high-intensity resistance and power training in older adults [309].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [309]
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“Although there is international guidance on safe and effective exercise and physical activity for bone health, from the USA, 17 Australia 13 and Canada, 18 some key questions remain unanswered. on O c t obe r 6 , 2023 b y gue s t. on O c t obe r 6 , 2023 b y gue s t. on O c t obe r 6 , 2023 b y gue s t. on O c t obe r…”
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Jensen, S. B. K., Sørensen, V., Sandsdal, R. M., Lehmann, E. W., Lundgren, J. R., Juhl, C. R., Janus, C., Ternhamar, T., Stallknecht, B. M., Holst, J. J., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16775 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Shojaa, M., von Stengel, S., Kohl, M., Schoene, D., & KEMMLER, W. K. (2020) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-020-05441-w · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cavalheri, V., Burtin, C., Formico, V. R., Nonoyama, M. L., JENKINS, S. C., Spruit, M. A., & Hill, K. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009955.pub3 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The effect of exercise intensity on bone in postmenopausal women (part 2): A meta-analysis
Kistler-Fischbacher, M., Weeks, B. K., & Beck, B. R. (2020) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115697 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise and chronic kidney disease: potential mechanisms underlying the physiological benefits
BISHOP, N. C., Burton, J. O., Graham-Brown, M. P. M., Stensel, D. J., Viana, J. L., & Watson, E. L. (2023) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-022-00675-9 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Physical activity and skeletal health in adults
Cauley, J. A., & Giangregorio, L. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30351-1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Mohebi, R., Shojaa, M., Kohl, M., von Stengel, S., Jakob, F. J., Kerschan‐Schindl, K., Lange, U., Peters, S., Thomasius, F. E., Uder, M., et al. (2023) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-023-06682-1 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review on Clinical Studies
Polito, A., Barnaba, L., Ciarapica, D., & Azzini, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23105591 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults
McMillan, L. B., Zengin, A., Ebeling, P. R., & Scott, D. S. (2017) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare5040085 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Whilst Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) has released a position statement regarding exercise in older adults for prevention of osteoporosis [47], no consensus PRT protocol has been developed and validated in relation to positive change in BMD.”
BackgroundThe prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults
Coll, P. P., Phu, S., Hajjar, S. H., Kirk, B., Duque, G., & Taxel, P. (2021) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17043 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“There is evidence for both older women and older men that weight bearing exercise and progressive resistance training can help maintain and in some cases increase bone density.(12) Recommended exercises can be adjusted based on the estimated risk of developing osteoporosis and the ability of the person to perform the…”
BackgroundSarcopenia definition: Does it really matter? Implications for resistance training
Smith, C., Woessner, M. N., Sim, M., & Levinger, I. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101617 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
KEMMLER, W. K., Kohl, M., Jakob, F. J., Engelke, K., & von Stengel, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082341 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Correspondingly, our DRT protocol applied a periodized, high-intensity/high-effort/high-velocity HIT-RT protocol dedicated to bone [54].”
MethodPinto, D., Alshahrani, M., Chapurlat, R. D., Chevalley, T., Dennison, E. M., Camargos, B. M., Παπαϊωάννου, Α., Silverman, S. L., Kaux, J., Lane, N. E., et al. (2022) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-021-06240-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Clinicians should consider applying these principles in the post-fragility fracture population, emphasizing correct technique, gradual loading increments, and avoidance of activities that might increase falls [24].”
BackgroundAn intelligent optimization method of motion management system based on BP neural network
Li, T., Sun, J., & Wang, L. (2020) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-020-05093-1 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Sport: Preventive and Therapeutic Measures—A Narrative Review
Knechtle, B., Jastrzębski, Z., Hill, L., & Nikolaidis, P. Τ. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57030223 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“On the basis of these findings, various professional associations demand that athletes have to take in enough calcium and 25(OH)D during intensive training [164].”
BackgroundExercise to Prevent and Manage Frailty and Fragility Fractures
Dent, E., Daly, R. M., Hoogendijk, E. O., & Scott, D. S. (2023) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-023-00777-8 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of integrin family in bone metabolism and tumor bone metastasis
Mao, L., Wang, L. Y., Xu, J., & Zou, J. (2023) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-023-01417-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“INTEGRINS MEDIATE MECHANOTRANSDUCTION AND REGULATE BONE METABOLISM Exercise promotes bone formation and prevents various pathologic bone loss [76, 77].”
BackgroundHettchen, M., von Stengel, S., Kohl, M., MURPHY, M. H., Shojaa, M., Ghasemikaram, M., Bragonzoni, L., Benvenuti, F., Ripamonti, C., Benedetti, M. G., et al. (2021) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s283177 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Effects of recreational football on women’s fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms
Krustrup, P., Helge, E. W., Hansen, P. R., Aagaard, P., Hagman, M., Randers, M. B., de Sousa, M. V., & Mohr, M. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3733-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“In addition, it has been argued that multimodal training regimens (Beck et al. 2017; Gianoudis et al. 2014) and odd-impact activities like, e.”
BackgroundGut microbial alterations in arginine metabolism determine bone mechanical adaptation
Wang, D., Cai, J., Pei, Q., Yan, Z., Zhu, F., Zhao, Z., Liu, R., Guo, X., Sun, T., Liu, J., et al. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Lavin, K. M., Coen, P. M., Baptista, L. C. P., Bell, M. B., Drummer, D. J., Harper, S. A., Lixandrão, M. E., McAdam, J. S., O’Bryan, S. M., Ramos, S. V., et al. (2022) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c200033 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Bae, S., Lee, S., Park, H., Ju, Y.-I., Min, S., Cho, J., Kim, H., Ha, Y., Rhee, Y., Kim, Y.-P., et al. (2023) · Journal of Bone Metabolism · doi:10.11005/jbm.2023.30.2.149 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“The committee established the KQs by reviewing the position statement published in USA,[16] Canada,[9] and Australia.”
Benefits, risks, barriers, and facilitators to cycling: a narrative review
LOGAN, G. R. M., Somers, C., Baker, G., Connell, H., Gray, S. R., Kelly, P., McIntosh, E., Welsh, P. I., Gray, C. M., & Gill, J. M. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1168357 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“, ∼50 jumps per session in sets of 10–20) a few times per week (46).”
BackgroundNuzzo, J. L., Pinto, M. D., Kirk, B. J. C., & Nosaka, K. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02009-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“…for individuals with cancer [16], chronic heart failure [17], chronic kidney disease [18], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [19], diabetes [20], hypertension [21], multiple sclerosis [22], obesity [23], osteoporosis [24], peripheral arterial disease [25], and spinal cord injury [26].”
BackgroundDose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women
Encabo, P. G., McNeil, J., Boyne, D. J., Courneya, K. S., & Friedenreich, C. M. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13443 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Mesinovic, J., Jansons, P., Zengin, A., de Courten, B. V., Rodríguez, A. J., Daly, R. M., Ebeling, P. R., & Scott, D. S. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“We also compared all training regimens in the included studies to the Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement on recommendations for exercise prescription for the prevention and management of osteoporosis.(24) Given that studies included in this meta-analysis had populations with overweight or obesity…”
ResultSelf-citationJones, K., Baker, K., Speight, R. A., Thompson, N. P., & Tew, G. A. (2020) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.16002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mohammed, J. A., Smith, S. R., Burns, L. J., Basak, G. W., Aljurf, M. D., Savani, B. N., Schoemans, H. M., Perić, Z., Chaudhri, N. A., Chigbo, N. N., et al. (2019) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.01.018 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Keay, N., Francis, G., Entwistle, I. R., & Hind, K. (2019) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000523 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Exercise, Osteoporosis, and Bone Geometry
Harding, A. T., & Beck, B. R. (2017) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports5020029 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Although exercise guidelines for healthy adults or those with low bone mass recommend progressive resistance training (PRT) for all major muscle groups [33,34,72], no randomised, controlled trial of PRT alone has reported the response of bone geometric outcomes.”
BackgroundSelf-citationZhong, Y.-J., Meng, Q., & Su, C.-H. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12232394 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Enhanced muscle strength reduces stress on joint surfaces and promotes proper alignment, while stronger tendons and ligaments enhance joint stability and flexibility [86].”
Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents
Min, S., Oh, T., Kim, S. H., Cho, J., Chung, H. Y., Park, D., & Kim, C. (2019) · Journal of Bone Metabolism · doi:10.11005/jbm.2019.26.4.225 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Selection of Key questions To select the KQs to be reviewed for the establishment of exercise guidelines, an exercise committee composed of 6 members in total reviewed the position statement developed in the USA,[6] Canada,[16] and Australia [17] and reviewed papers on PA and bone health of children and adolescents pu…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmith, C., Tacey, A., Mesinovic, J., Scott, D. S., Lin, X., Brennan‐Speranza, T. C., Lewis, J. R., Duque, G., & Levinger, I. (2020) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115766 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“exercise) to the skeleton can preserve and increase BMD, 253 serving as a key intervention in the prevention and management of osteoporosis (8-10).”
BackgroundHoffmann, I., Kohl, M., von Stengel, S., Jakob, F., Kerschan-Schindl, K., Lange, U., Peters, S., Schoene, D., Sieber, C., Thomasius, F., et al. (2023) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-022-06592-8 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Recreational soccer as sport medicine for middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review
Luo, H., Newton, R. U., Ma’ayah, F., Galvao, D. A., & Taaffe, D. R. (2018) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000336 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Bone Biomarker Response to an Acute Bout of Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Dolan, E., Dumas, A., Keane, K. M., Bestetti, G. C., Freitas, L. H. M., Gualano, B., Kohrt, W. M., Kelley, G. A., Pereira, R. M. R., Sale, C., et al. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01718-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Late‐onset Hypogonadism: Bone health
Rochira, V. (2020) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12827 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Role of Irisin in Exercise-Mediated Bone Health
Liu, L., Guo, J., Chen, X., Tong, X., Xu, J., & Zou, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.668759 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Proper high impact physical activity enables bone to respond positively, and improve the renew of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) and structural properties in the loaded bone regions and whole body (Beck et al., 2017; Gomez-Bruton et al., 2017; Okubo et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialOsteogenic impact of football training in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes
Skoradal, M., Helge, E. W., Jørgensen, N. R., Mortensen, J., Weihe, P., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13252 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Dalla Via, J., Daly, R. M., & Fraser, S. F. (2018) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4237-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“When evaluating the exercise prescribed in the included studies to current evidence-based exercise recommendations for preventing and managing osteoporosis in older adults [32, 35], only three studies implemented combined resistance and impact exercise training [19, 21, 22] and subgroup analysis revealed a significant…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationSchumacher, O., Luo, H., Taaffe, D. R., Galvao, D. A., Tang, C., Chee, R., Spry, N. A., & Newton, R. U. (2021) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.034 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationDong, Q. Z., Ren, G., Li, Y., & Hao, D. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57796-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cortical bone mapping improves finite element strain prediction accuracy at the proximal femur
Schileo, E., Pitocchi, J., Falcinelli, C., & Taddei, F. (2020) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115348 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Li, Y., & Li, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.917053 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“It is a comprehensive, developed, and relatively stable function based on inheritance and acquisition of clear human morphological structure, physical functions, psychological factors, and adaptability (1, 2).”
BackgroundNg, C.-A., Gandham, A., Mesinovic, J., Owen, P. J., Ebeling, P. R., & Scott, D. (2023) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.4899 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hilkens, L., van Schijndel, N., Weijer, V., Boerboom, M., BURG, E. V. D., Peters, V., Kempers, R., Bons, J. A. P., van Loon, L. J. C., & van Dijk, J. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003113 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Young cyclists in particular should therefore be encouraged to continue participating in osteogenic activities as their career progresses, or to integrate osteogenic activities such as resistance and impact exercise in their training program (30,31).”
BackgroundYin, M., Li, Y., Aziz, A. R., Buffey, A. J., Bishop, D. J., Bao, D., Nassis, G. P., Islam, H., Wang, H., Fyfe, J. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101088 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“40,257 Some types of jumping (e.g., jumping rope) may induce a significant cardiorespiratory stimulus, similar to HIIT, with the added benefit of greater neuromuscular stimulation, 257 and can be performed in a reduced space and with low-cost equipment (or no equipment at all 259 ).”
The Interconnection Between Muscle and Bone: A Common Clinical Management Pathway
Smith, C., Sim, M., Via, J. D., Levinger, I., & Duque, G. (2023) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-023-01146-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Regular aerobic exercise is also important for cardiometabolic and overall health in older adults, however, aerobic training (particularly if non-weight-bearing) is generally thought to have minimal effect on bone health [59, 74].”
InfluentialExercise as a therapeutic intervention for people with cystic fibrosis
Ward, N., Stiller, K. R., & Holland, A. E. (2019) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1598861 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Female Athletes
MacKnight, J. M. (2017) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2017.05.006 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The precise amount of exercise that is optimal has yet to be determined, but it is well understood that the effects of exercise on bone are modality-dependent, dose-dependent and intensity-dependent.(24) Exercise goals for maximal benefit include the following(25):”
BackgroundDevries, M. C., & Giangregorio, L. (2022) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2022.116573 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The role of bone in energy metabolism: A focus on osteocalcin
Smith, C., Lin, X., Parker, L., Yeap, B. B., Hayes, A., & Levinger, I. (2024) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2024.117238 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bar, M., Ott, S. M., Lewiecki, E. M., Sarafoglou, K., Wu, J. Y., Thompson, M., Vaux, J. J., Dean, D. R., Saag, K. G., Hashmi, S. K., et al. (2020) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Estrogen depletion on In vivo osteocyte calcium signaling responses to mechanical loading
Lewis, K. J., Zuckerman, P. C., Boorman-Padgett, J. F., Basta‐Pljakic, J., Louie, J., Stephen, S. J., Spray, D. C., Thi, M. M., Şeref-Ferlengez, Z., Majeska, R. J., et al. (2021) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2021.116072 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Disease-related factors associated with exercise adherence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Macías‐Hernández, S. I., Loya-García, F., Mora, R. Z., Nava‐Bringas, T. I., & Morones-Alba, D. (2020) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-05-072 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Osteoporose – Definition, Risikoerfassung, Diagnose, Prävention und Therapie (Update 2024)
Dimai, H. P., Muschitz, C., Amrein, K., Bauer, R., Cejka, D., Gasser, R. W., Gruber, R., Haschka, J., Hasenoehrl, T., Kainberger, F. M., et al. (2024) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-024-02441-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Modelling Human Locomotion to Inform Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis
Martelli, S., Beck, B. R., Saxby, D. J., Lloyd, D. G., Pivonka, P., & Taylor, M. (2020) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-020-00592-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationZouhal, H., Berro, A. J., Kazwini, S., Saeidi, A., Jayavel, A., Clark, C. C. T., Hackney, A. C., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Abderrahman, A. B., & Hage, R. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.807110 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Shi, L., Gao, F., Sun, W., Wang, B., Guo, W., Cheng, L., Li, Z., & Wang, W. (2017) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4136-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“options that include restoring the muscle function and strength [8], fall prevention, and quitting cigarettes and alcohol.”
Pinelli, E., Barone, G., Marini, S., Benvenuti, F., MURPHY, M. H., Julin, M. V., KEMMLER, W. K., von Stengel, S., Paolo, S. D., Dallolio, L., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052441 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“There is a general consensus on the efficacy of physical activity in the prevention of OP and its consequences [10,11].”
The effect of two types of combined training on bio-motor ability adaptations in sedentary females
Nobarı, H., Ahmadi, M., Sá, M., Pérez‐Gómez, J., Clemente, F. M., Adsuar, J. C., Minasian, V., & Afonso, J. R. (2021) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11736-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kunutsor, S. K., Leyland, S., Skelton, D. A., James, L., Cox, M., Gibbons, N., Whitney, J. C., & Clark, E. (2018) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-03-155 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Exercise for Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention and Management
Daly, R. M., & Giangregorio, L. (2018) · Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism · doi:10.1002/9781119266594.ch67 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSingh, B., & Toohey, K. L. (2021) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.008 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Adams, J., Wilson, N., Hurkmans, E. J., Bakkers, M., Balážová, P., Baxter, M. A., Blavnsfeldt, A. G., Briot, K., Chiari, C., Cooper, C. C., et al. (2020) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-216931 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“66 67 Concerning the effect of nutrition on bone health, insufficient evidence was found to determine the effect of oral protein supplementation on functional outcomes in people following hip fracture 68 while vitamin D (800 IU) and calcium (1000 mg) supplementation in older people with a history…”
Sánchez-Trigo, H., Rittweger, J., & Sañudo, B. (2022) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-022-06357-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“These results are consistent with the outcomes of recent meta-analyses, where a combination of resistance training with impact training appears to elicit the highest osteogenic response at the spine and hip [6, 50].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialConsensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription (2023)
Li, G.-P., Wang, Z., Hao, Y., Qian, J., Hu, B., Wang, Y., Luo, X., Ning, Y., & Lin, F. (2024) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“10 – 13 Additionally, it relieves emotional stress, improves sleep quality, and promotes mental health.”
BackgroundMoxibustion treatment for primary osteoporosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Xu, F., Huang, M., Jin, Y. J., Kong, Q., Lei, Z.-M., & Wei, X. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178688 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Gómez, I., Mañas, A., Losa‐Reyna, J., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Alegre, L. M., García‐García, F. J., & Ara, I. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030582 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Exercise for the intervertebral disc: a 6-month randomised controlled trial in chronic low back pain
Owen, P. J., Miller, C. T., Rantalainen, T., Simson, K. J., Connell, D., Hahne, A. J., Trudel, G., Ford, J. J., & Belavý, D. L. (2020) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-020-06379-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Harding, A. T., Weeks, B. K., Lambert, C., Watson, S. L., Weis, L. J., & Beck, B. R. (2020) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-020-05583-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationBrailey, G., Metcalf, B. S., Lear, R., Price, L., Cumming, S. P., & Stiles, V. H. (2022) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-021-06218-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Despite being considered primarily a condition of old age [4], around 60% of osteoporosis risk can be attributed to the amount of bone that is acquired by attainment of the peak bone mass (PBM) in early adulthood [5].”
BackgroundSclerostin as a biomarker of physical exercise in osteoporosis: A narrative review
Oniszczuk, A., Kaczmarek, A., Kaczmarek, M., Ciałowicz, M., Arslan, E., Silva, A. F., Clemente, F. M., & Murawska‐Ciałowicz, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.954895 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“diseases, especially osteoporosis, by increasing bone mineral density (82, 84).”
BackgroundChisati, E. M., Constantinou, D., & Lampiao, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01074 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Bone respond positively to impact activities and high intensity progressive resistance training (Beck et al., 2016; Bolam et al., 2016).”
BackgroundWatanabe, K., Kamijo, Y., Yanagi, M., Ishibashi, Y., Harada, T., & Kohzuki, M. (2021) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-021-02289-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Among the helpful therapeutic recommendations for osteoporosis, exercise therapy has been regarded as an effective and easy intervention [13].”
BackgroundPetkovic, M. J., Tran, H. A., Ebeling, P. R., & Zengin, A. (2022) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.14540 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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“Although this approach complicates the proper categorization of exercise intensity, we feel that the inclusion of other types of exercise with relevance on bone [11, 12, 42] will have provided additional evidence on the issue of exercise intensity and BMD changes.”
BackgroundExercise and Bone Health in Cancer: Enemy or Ally?
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“In healthy subjects, physical exercise is a recognized lifestyle component able to maximize bone development, and improve and preserve bone health across the lifespan [51,52].”
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“Resistance exercises seem to be effective even amongst older women when it comes to bone mass [5], with recommended intensities between 70% and 80% of one maximum repetition (1RM), performed two to three times a week being an affordable and efficient solution for increasing bone mass amongst postmenopausal women [6,7].”
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“In terms of the exercise intervention, high-impact exercise and high-intensity progressive resistance training have been shown to have with osteoanabolic effects [64].”
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Potential Importance of Immune System Response to Exercise on Aging Muscle and Bone
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Beck, B. R., Daly, R. M., Singh, M. A. F., & Taaffe, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Beck, Belinda R.
- Venue
- Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 438-445
- ISSN
- 1440-2440 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2548243806
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14
- FWCI
- 23.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of science and medicine in sport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- exercise prescription, osteoporosis, osteoporotic fracture prevention, osteopenia, resistance training, fall risk, balance and mobility, muscle strength, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, comorbidities, osteoarthritis, frailty, spinal loading
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Animals, Australia, Calcium, Dietary, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Osteoporosis, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Exercise, Bone Density, Consensus, Resistance Training, Osteoporotic Fractures
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