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College students rarely seek help despite serious substance use problems
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The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) and aspects of the help-seeking process among a high-risk sample of 946 students at one large public university were assessed in personal interviews during the first 3 years of college. After statistically adjusting for purposive sampling, an estimated 46.8%(wt) of all third-year students met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for SUD involving alcohol and/or marijuana at least once. Of 548 SUD cases, 3.6% perceived a need for help with substance use problems; 16.4% were encouraged by someone else to seek help. Help-seeking was rare among SUD cases (8.8%) but significantly elevated among individuals who perceived a need (90.0%) or experienced social pressures from parents (32.5%), friends (34.2%), or another person (58.3%). Resources accessed for help included educational programs (37.8%), health professionals (27.0%), and 12-step programs (18.9%). College students have high rates of substance use problems but rarely recognize a need for treatment or seek help. Results highlight the opportunity for early intervention with college students with SUD.
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“A 2009 study of undergraduate students at a large public university estimated that nearly half of all students met criteria for an SUD at some point during their first three years of college, and only 9 % of those with an SUD sought help (Caldeira et al., 2009).”
From The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2024) · cites this paper as Caldeira et al., 2009
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“A 2009 study of undergraduate students at a large public university estimated that nearly half of all students met criteria for an SUD at some point during their first three years of college, and only 9 % of those with an SUD sought help (Caldeira et al., 2009).”
From The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2024) · cites this paper as Caldeira et al., 2009
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Naegele, H., Petzold, M. B., Viohl, L., Bendau, A., Helmer-Ohlmeier, S., & Betzler, F. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2215320 · Cited by 4
Morse, S. A., & MacMaster, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1080/1533256x.2014.871998 · Cited by 3
Garza, M. L. S., Valenciano, J. A. P., Muro, M. D. L. Á. V., García, J. A. R., & Cárdenas, S. J. (2020) · African journal of rhetoric · doi:10.21134/haaj.v20i1.467 · Cited by 3
Vasiliou, V. S., Meany, L., Belluci, C., Dockray, S., Linehan, C., Dick, S., Davoren, M. P., & Byrne, M. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100844 · Cited by 2
Cross, A. N., & Witte, T. H. (2025) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2025.2461612 · Cited by 2
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Metadata
- Authors
- Caldeira, K. M., Kasperski, S. J., Sharma, E., Vincent, K. B., O'Grady, K. E., Wish, E. D., & Arria, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Treatment Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arria, Amelia M.
- Venue
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 368-378
- ISSN
- 0740-5472 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2783958
- OpenAlex
- W2079232632
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA14845, R56DA014845, R01DA014845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- substance use disorders, help-seeking, university students, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, perceived need for help, social pressure, 12-step programs, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Marijuana Abuse, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Severity of Illness Index, Social Support, Students, United States, Universities, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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