Self-reported barriers to professional help seeking among college students at elevated risk for suicide
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OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe self-reported barriers to professional help seeking among college students who are at elevated suicide risk and determine if these barriers vary by demographic and clinical characteristics. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 165 non-treatment seekers recruited as part of a Web-based treatment linkage intervention for college students at elevated suicide risk (from September 2010 through December 2011). METHODS: Data were collected using Web-based questionnaires. Two coders coded students' responses to an open-ended question about reasons for not seeking professional help. RESULTS: The most commonly reported barriers included perception that treatment is not needed (66%), lack of time (26.8%), and preference for self-management (18%). Stigma was mentioned by only 12% of students. There were notable differences based on gender, race, and severity of depression and alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts aimed at reaching students at elevated risk for suicidal behavior should be particularly sensitive to these commonly described barriers.
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Self-help interventions have enormous potential to maximize scalability because of their low cost and flexibility in terms of the times in which they can be used, and their ability to overcome system-related barriers and attitudinal barriers.
“Self-help interventions have enormous potential to maximize scalability because of their low cost and flexibility in terms of the times in which they can be used, and their ability to overcome system-related barriers (e.g. long waiting list) and attitudinal barriers (e.g. embarrassment, preference for self-management) (Czyz et al., 2013; Levin et al., 2016; Mains and Scogin, 2003).”
From Effects of self-guided stress management interventions in college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Czyz et al., 2013
The Comment section (page unavailable) identifies long wait lists, lack of time, and preference for self-management as barriers, and suggests that convenient web-based and self-help approaches might encourage help seeking. It does not establish that self-help interventions are low-cost or scalable, or that they overcome those barriers; it also suggests stigma may not be a primary barrier in this student population. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“Next to the limited availability of counseling services, many students are reluctant to seek help from counsellors due to the stigma associated with depression and anxiety (Czyz, Horwitz, Eisenberg, Kramer, & King, 2013; Farrer, Christensen, Griffiths, & Mackinnon, 2011; Reichert, 2012).”
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- Authors
- Czyz, E. K., Horwitz, A. G., Eisenberg, D., Kramer, A., & King, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of American College Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 398-406
- ISSN
- 0164-4300 (ISSN-L)
- 0744-8481
- 1940-3208
- PMC
- PMC3788673
- OpenAlex
- W1971324531
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 10.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of American College Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH083032)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- help-seeking barriers, suicide risk, university students, psychotherapy, stigma, depression severity, alcohol abuse, gender differences, racial differences, linkage to treatment
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Depression, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Suicide, Attempted, Universities, Suicidal Ideation
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