What is the most effective exercise protocol to improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight and obese subjects?
Open accessAbstract
Background Increased peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ) can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of a weight loss program on cardiovascular fitness in overweight (W) and obese (O) subjects. Methods One hundred and sixty-seven subjects (77 males and 90 females), aged 18–50 years, performed a modified Bruce protocol before (pre) and after (post) a weight loss program of 24 weeks. This program combined physical training (strength, S; endurance, E; combined strength + endurance, SE; or physical activity recommendation, PA) 3 times per week, with a 25%–30% caloric restriction diet. Results VO 2peak improved in overweight and obese males (pre and post values in L/min, respectively; W = 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.001; O = 3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6, p = 0.013) as well as in overweight females (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). VO 2peak in the first ventilatory threshold (VT 1 ) increased for all 4 interventions in males ( p < 0.05), except for S in the obese group (1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.141). In females, it increased in E (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), SE (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.003), and PA (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.2, p = 0.006) in overweight groups. Time-to-exhaustion improved in all subjects except for females in PA group (15.7 ± 0.3 min vs. 15.9 ± 0.3 min, p = 0.495). Conclusion Our results suggest that all methods, including the recommendation of physical activity, can improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight subjects and obese males.
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Aerobic training instigates changes in aerobic capacity, improves lipid profiles and increases insulin sensitivity.
“Aerobic training instigates changes in aerobic capacity, improves lipid profiles and increases insulin sensitivity.”
From What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta‐analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
In adults with obesity, aerobic training can lead to a decrease in leptin production, which in turn contributes to a reduction of adipose tissue accumulation.
“In addition, particularly in adults with obesity, it can lead to a decrease leptin production, which in turn contributes to a reduction of adipose tissue accumulation.”
From What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta‐analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
Aerobic training increases growth hormone and adiponectin levels, which play a role in lowering abdominal fat and circulating free fatty acids.
“It also increases growth hormone and adiponectin levels, which play a role in lowering abdominal fat and circulating free fatty acids.”
From What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta‐analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Castro, E. A., Peinado, A. B., Benito, P. J., Galindo, M., González-Gross, M., & Cupeiro, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Castro, Eliane Aparecida
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 454-461
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC6189257
- OpenAlex
- W2338477349
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Archivo Digital UPM (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (DEP2008-06354-C04-01)
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake, obesity, overweight, slimming program, resistance training, endurance training, ventilatory threshold, time to exhaustion, Bruce protocol, sex differences
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