The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report
Open accessAbstract
Pain associated to mechanical and chemical irritation of the eye surface is mediated by trigeminal ganglia mechano- and polymodal nociceptor neurons while cold thermoreceptors detect wetness and reflexly maintain basal tear production and blinking rate. These neurons project into two regions of the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex: ViVc, activated by changes in the moisture of the ocular surface and VcC1, mediating sensory-discriminative aspects of ocular pain and reflex blinking. ViVc ocular neurons project to brain regions that control lacrimation and spontaneous blinking and to the sensory thalamus. Secretion of the main lacrimal gland is regulated dominantly by autonomic parasympathetic nerves, reflexly activated by eye surface sensory nerves. These also evoke goblet cell secretion through unidentified efferent fibers. Neural pathways involved in the regulation of Meibonian gland secretion or mucins release have not been identified. In dry eye disease, reduced tear secretion leads to inflammation and peripheral nerve damage. Inflammation causes sensitization of polymodal and mechano-nociceptor nerve endings and an abnormal increase in cold thermoreceptor activity, altogether evoking dryness sensations and pain. Long-term inflammation and nerve injury alter gene expression of ion channels and receptors at terminals and cell bodies of trigeminal ganglion and brainstem neurons, changing their excitability, connectivity and impulse firing. Perpetuation of molecular, structural and functional disturbances in ocular sensory pathways ultimately leads to dysestesias and neuropathic pain referred to the eye surface. Pain can be assessed with a variety of questionaires while the status of corneal nerves is evaluated with esthesiometry and with in vivo confocal microscopy.
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Citations
Cites
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pain
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Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain
Woolf, C. J., & Salter, M. W. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1765 · Cited by 3,781 · cited 2×
“Typically, in nociceptors this includes increased expression of TRPV1 channels and various NaV channels [358].”
Unbiased classification of sensory neuron types by large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing
Usoskin, D., Furlan, A., Islam, S., Abdo, H., Lönnerberg, P., Lou, D., Hjerling-Leffler, J., Haeggström, J., Kharchenko, O., Kharchenko, P. V., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3881 · Cited by 2,136
Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice
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“This is required to distinguish nociceptive from neuropathic pain, whose definition has been restricted to lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system [420].”
Ocular immune privilege: therapeutic opportunities from an experiment of nature
Streilein, J. W. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1224 · Cited by 807
Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients
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Inflammation, Glutamate, and Glia in Depression:A Literature Review
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Castelnuovo, G., Giusti, E. M., Manzoni, G. M., Saviola, D., Gatti, A., Gabrielli, S., Lacerenza, M., Pietrabissa, G., Cattivelli, R., Spatola, C. A. M., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00115 · Cited by 91
Cited by
TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report
Craig, J. P., Nichols, K. K., Akpek, E. K., Caffery, B., Dua, H. S., Joo, C.-K., Liu, Z., Nelson, J. D., Nichols, J. J., Tsubota, K., et al. (2017) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.008 · Cited by 3,383
Self-citationTFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report
Wolffsohn, J. S., Arita, R., Chalmers, R., Djalilian, A., Dogru, M., Dumbleton, K., Gupta, P. K., Karpecki, P., Lazreg, S., Pult, H., et al. (2017) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.001 · Cited by 2,122
Self-citationDua, H. S., Said, D. G., Messmer, E. M., Rolando, M., Benitez-del-Castillo, J. M., Hossain, P. N., Shortt, A. J., Geerling, G., Nubile, M., Figueiredo, F. C., et al. (2018) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.04.003 · Cited by 404
Corneal nerves in health and disease
Al-Aqaba, M. A., Dhillon, V. K., Mohammed, I., Said, D. G., & Dua, H. S. (2019) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.003 · Cited by 303
Xu, J., Chen, P., Zhao, G., Wei, S., Li, Q., Guo, C., Cao, Q., Wu, X., & Di, G. (2022) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.1080/02713683.2021.2022163 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Belmonte, C., Nichols, J. J., Cox, S. M., Brock, J. A., Begley, C. G., Bereiter, D. A., Dartt, D. A., Galor, A., Hamrah, P., Ivanusic, J. J., Jacobs, D. S., McNamara, N. A., Rosenblatt, M. I., Stapleton, F., & Wolffsohn, J. S.
- Venue
- The Ocular Surface
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 404-437
- ISSN
- 1542-0124 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2737725878
- Cited by
- 660
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 44.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Belmonte, C., Nichols, J. J., Cox, S. M., Brock, J. A., Begley, C. G., Bereiter, D. A., Dartt, D. A., Galor, A., Hamrah, P., Ivanusic, J. J., Jacobs, D. S., McNamara, N. A., Rosenblatt, M. I., Stapleton, F., & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2017). TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report. The Ocular Surface. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.002
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