The Nevada peripheral artery disease screening effort in a Medicare Advantage population and subsequent mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event risk
Open accessAbstract
Background Contemporary estimates of undetected asymptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the community and its association with adverse outcomes in the population are lacking. We investigated the long-term association between previously undetected PAD and subsequent all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) for Medicare Advantage beneficiaries aged ≥65 years in a large metropolitan area characterized by concentrations of atherosclerotic risk factors and a more vulnerable socioeconomic risk profile. Methods Data were derived from the patients' electronic medical records and linked with claims outcomes data for 13,971 Medicare Advantage beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who had undergone PAD screening in 2016 as a part of their routine annual health assessment in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada, metropolitan area. PAD screening was performed with their primary care provider using volume plethysmography system methods. The association between PAD screening status and 1- and 3-year all-cause mortality and MACE rates was documented. Results The cohort had a mean age of 75.3 ± 6.6 years, and 57.7% were women. Of the 13,768 patients, 4351 (31.6%) had had a positive PAD screening result. Almost 60% had had a lower socioeconomic income level, with 15.1% living under the poverty level. The risk estimates associated with a positive vs negative PAD screening result for both all-cause mortality and MACE were as follows: unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality, 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79-2.63) and unadjusted HR for MACE, 2.00 (95% CI, 1.15-3.49) at 1 year and unadjusted HR for mortality, 2.04 (95% CI, 1.84-2.26) and unadjusted HR for MACE, 1.67 (95% CI, 1.37-2.02) at 3 years. After multivariable adjustment, all associations persisted (P < .001), with HRs ranging from 1.41 to 1.69, except for that for 1-year MACE (similar risk estimate but P = .09). Conclusions A positive screening result for previously undetected lower extremity PAD was independently associated with short- and long-term increased risks of mortality and MACE for individuals aged ≥65 years living in a large, metropolitan area.
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A positive screening test for PAD in an asymptomatic population has been associated with increased cardiovascular event rates.
“While a positive screening test for PAD in an asymptomatic population has been associated with increased cardiovascular event rates (241,242), prospective, randomized studies addressing whether screening for PAD in people with diabetes improves longterm limb outcomes and cardiovascular event rates are limited.”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [242]
A positive screening test for PAD in an asymptomatic population has been associated with increased cardiovascular event rates.
“While a positive screening test for PAD in an asymptomatic population has been associated with increased cardiovascular event rates (230,231), prospective, randomized studies addressing whether screening for PAD in”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [231]
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- Authors
- Smolderen, K. G., Heath, K., Scherr, T., Bauzon, S. R., Howell, A. N., & Mena-Hurtado, C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Optum (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smolderen, Kim G.
- Venue
- Journal of Vascular Surgery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2054-2064.e3
- ISSN
- 0741-5214 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4213062014
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Vascular Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Abbott Laboratories
- Johnson and Johnson
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vascular Procedures and Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Keywords
- peripheral arterial disease, PAD screening, all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, older adults, socioeconomic deprivation, Las Vegas, cardiovascular risk stratification, mortality risk prediction model
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Nevada, Risk Factors, United States, Medicare Part C, Lower Extremity, Peripheral Arterial Disease
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