Cited by 161Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchChronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesRenin-Angiotensin System Studies

Crosstalk between the nervous system and the kidney

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Tanaka, Shinji, Okusa, Mark D.·2020·Kidney International

Abstract

Under physiological states, the nervous system and the kidneys communicate with each other to maintain normal body homeostasis. However, pathological states disrupt this interaction as seen in hypertension, and kidney damage can cause impaired renorenal reflex and sodium handling. In acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), damaged kidneys can have a detrimental effect on the central nervous system. CKD is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment, and many factors, including retention of uremic toxins and phosphate, have been proposed as CKD-specific factors responsible for structural and functional cerebral changes in patients with CKD. However, more studies are needed to determine the precise pathogenesis. Epidemiological studies have shown that AKI is associated with a subsequent risk for developing stroke and dementia. However, recent animal studies have shown that the renal nerve contributes to kidney inflammation and fibrosis, whereas activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which involves the vagus nerve, the splenic nerve, and immune cells in the spleen, has a significant renoprotective effect. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms of communication between the nervous system and the kidney enables us not only to develop new strategies to ameliorate neurological conditions associated with kidney disease but also to design safe and effective clinical interventions for kidney disease, using the neural and neuroimmune control of kidney injury and disease.

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Authors
Tanaka, S., & Okusa, M. D.
Affiliations
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author
Okusa, Mark D.
Venue
Kidney International
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-03
Volume
97
Issue
3
Pages
466-476
ISSN
0085-2538 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2991652756
Cited by
160
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 2
FWCI
1.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Kidney International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Keywords
chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, uremic toxins, phosphate retention, cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, stroke, renal nerves, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, vagus nerve, splenic nerve, neuroinflammation, renal fibrosis, sodium handling, hypertension
MeSH terms
Animals, Fibrosis, Humans, Kidney, Nervous System, Reperfusion Injury, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Acute Kidney Injury

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