Heme and FLVCR-related transporter families SLC48 and SLC49
Open accessAbstract
Heme is critical for a variety of cellular processes, but excess intracellular heme may result in oxidative stress and membrane injury. Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1), a member of the SLC49 family of four paralogous genes, is a cell surface heme exporter, essential for erythropoiesis and systemic iron homeostasis. Disruption of FLVCR1 function blocks development of erythroid progenitors, likely due to heme toxicity. Mutations of SLC49A1 encoding FLVCR1 are noted in patients with a rare neurodegenerative disorder: posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa. FLVCR2 is highly homologous to FLVCR1 and may function as a cellular heme importer. Mutations of SLC49A2 encoding FLVCR2 are observed in Fowler syndrome, a rare proliferative vascular disorder of the brain. The functions of the remaining members of the SLC49 family, MFSD7 and DIRC2 (encoded by the SLC49A3 and SLC49A4 genes), are unknown, although the latter is implicated in hereditary renal carcinomas. SLC48A1 (heme responsive gene-1, HRG-1), the sole member of the SLC48 family, is associated with the endosome and appears to transport heme from the endosome into the cytosol.
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Absorption of heme iron is more effective but remains incompletely understood, although it appears to involve transporters of the SLC48 and SLC49 families.
“The absorption of HI is more effective but remains incompletely understood although it appears to involve transporters of the SLC48 (for solute carrier-48) and SLC49 families (Khan and Quigley, 2013).”
From Iron in infection and immunity (2020) · cites this paper as Khan and Quigley, 2013
The Therapeutic potential section says that most iron absorbed in Western diets is heme and that the small-intestinal heme importer remains to be identified. It presents the SLC49 transporter FLVCR2 as a possible importer needing further study, while the SLC48 Family—Conclusions section describes SLC48A1 primarily as an endosomal heme transporter. The paper therefore supports the uncertainty and a possible SLC49 role, but does not establish that intestinal heme absorption involves both families. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Iron and innate antimicrobial immunity-depriving the pathogen, defending the host
Nairz, M., Dichtl, S., Schroll, A., Haschka, D., Tymoszuk, P., Theurl, I., & Weiss, G. (2018) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.007 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
- Authors
- Khan, A. A., & Quigley, J. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Quigley, John G.
- Venue
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 669-682
- ISSN
- 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3602793
- OpenAlex
- W2024199244
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08HL087842)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- heme transport, FLVCR1, iron homeostasis, erythropoiesis, Fowler syndrome, heme toxicity, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Cerebrovascular Disorders, Gene Expression Regulation, Multigene Family, Heme, Hemeproteins, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Models, Molecular, Mutation, Receptors, Virus, Endosomes, Erythroid Precursor Cells, Membrane Transport Proteins
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