A step towards clinical application of acellular matrix: A clue from macrophage polarization
Open accessAbstract
The outcome of tissue engineered organ transplants depends on the capacity of the biomaterial to promote a pro-healing response once implanted in vivo. Multiple studies, including ours, have demonstrated the possibility of using the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal organs as platform for tissue engineering and more recently, discarded human organs have also been proposed as scaffold source. In contrast to artificial biomaterials, natural ECM has the advantage of undergoing continuous remodeling which allows adaptation to diverse conditions. It is known that natural matrices present diverse immune properties when compared to artificial biomaterials. However, how these properties compare between diseased and healthy ECM and artificial scaffolds has not yet been defined. To answer this question, we used decellularized renal ECM derived from WT mice and from mice affected by Alport Syndrome at different time-points of disease progression as a model of renal failure with extensive fibrosis. We characterized the morphology and composition of these ECMs and compared their in vitro effects on macrophage activation with that of synthetic scaffolds commonly used in the clinic (collagen type I and poly-L-(lactic) acid, PLLA). We showed that ECM derived from Alport kidneys differed in fibrous protein deposition and cytokine content when compared to ECM derived from WT kidneys. Yet, both WT and Alport renal ECM induced macrophage differentiation mainly towards a reparative (M2) phenotype, while artificial biomaterials towards an inflammatory (M1) phenotype. Anti-inflammatory properties of natural ECMs were lost when homogenized, hence three-dimensional structure of ECM seems crucial for generating an anti-inflammatory response. Together, these data support the notion that natural ECM, even if derived from diseased kidneys promote a M2 protolerogenic macrophage polarization, thus providing novel insights on the applicability of ECM obtained from discarded organs as ideal scaffold for tissue engineering.
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Preparation techniques such as homogenization, which compromise the mechanical integrity of the dECM scaffold, may result in excessive release of inherent cytokines and trigger more intense inflammatory responses.
“The application of preparation techniques such as homogenization, which compromise the mechanical integrity of the dECM scaffold, may result in the excessive release of inherent cytokines and trigger more intense inflammatory responses [194].”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [194]
The Results and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) report that homogenized renal ECM favored pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization compared with intact ECM. The Discussion proposes greater access to embedded cytokines as a possible explanation, but the paper does not establish excessive cytokine release or measure a broader inflammatory response. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Petrosyan, A., Da Sacco, S., Tripuraneni, N., Kreuser, U., Lavarreda-Pearce, M., Tamburrini, R., De Filippo, R. E., Orlando, G., Cravedi, P., & Perin, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (NL)
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perin, Laura
- ORCID
- Venue
- Matrix Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 57-58
- Pages
- 334-346
- ISSN
- 0945-053X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6717660
- OpenAlex
- W2515444928
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Matrix Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- GOFFAR Foundation
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Nora Baart Foundation
- Dutch Kidney Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- acellular matrix, extracellular matrix, macrophage polarization, M2 macrophages, Alport syndrome, renal fibrosis, tissue engineering scaffolds, type I collagen, poly(L-lactic acid), anti-inflammatory response, organ transplantation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Kidney, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nephritis, Hereditary, Phenotype, Polyesters, Immunophenotyping, Cytokines, Tissue Engineering, Collagen Type I, Mice, Tissue Scaffolds, Primary Cell Culture
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