Tailoring energy-storage performance in antiferroelectric PbHfO3 thin films
Open accessAbstract
Among all dielectrics, antiferroelectric (AFE) materials have attracted wide attention due to the excellent energy-storage performance. In this paper, PbHfO3 (PHO) AFE films were prepared for the first time and the microstructure, AFE property and energy-storage performance were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that annealing temperature played a key role in the crystallinity and phase composition. Due to the coexistent of fine grains and amorphous phase, PHO AFE films annealed at 650 °C displayed not only optimal energy-storage density and energy efficiency, but also excellent thermal stability and fatigue endurance. Compared with films annealed at 750 °C, the recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency in 650 °C annealing samples increased by 50% and 100%, respectively. These results demonstrate that PHO film is a promising candidate for applications in power electronics systems.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
PbHfO₃ antiferroelectric thin films were fabricated by sol-gel for the first time, and annealing temperature was used to tailor microstructure and energy-storage performance. The 650 °C annealed film gave the best combination, with recoverable energy-storage density W_rec = 24.9 J/cm³ and efficiency η = 73%, plus stable performance from 25–150 °C and after 10⁸ switching cycles.
Key findings
- The 650 °C annealed film achieved maximum W_rec = 24.9 J/cm³ and η = 73%; its W_rec was approximately 1.5 times that of films annealed at 700 and 750 °C, and its η was almost two times that of the 750 °C film.
- The mean electric breakdown strength of films annealed at 600 and 650 °C was about 1.8 times that of films annealed at 700 and 750 °C; the 650 °C film also showed the maximum Weibull shape parameter β = 18.3.
- Double P-E loops appeared in 650 and 700 °C annealed samples, while a “ferroelectric-like” P-E loop was observed in the 750 °C film; the 650 °C film’s P-E loops remained almost unchanged from 25–150 °C.
- After 10⁸ switching cycles, both W_rec and η of 600 and 650 °C annealed samples remained stable, whereas the η of the 700 °C film decreased significantly and the 750 °C sample broke down after 10⁷ cycles.
Methods
- PHO precursor solution was prepared by dissolving lead acetate and hafnium acetylacetonate in acetic acid and 2-methoxyethanol with acetylacetone as stabilizer, at 0.2 mol/L and with 10% excess lead; films were spin-coated on ITO/glass at 3000 rpm for 20 s, dried at 300 °C for 10 min, and rapid thermal annealed at 600, 650, 700, or 750 °C for 10 min.
- Microstructure and crystallization were analyzed by XRD, TEM, and SEM; Au top electrodes 0.4 mm in diameter were sputtered for electrical measurements; dielectric and antiferroelectric properties were measured with an LCR meter and ferroelectric tester.
- Electric breakdown strength was evaluated using the Weibull distribution; energy-storage performance, thermal stability, and fatigue behavior were assessed from P-E loops, with fatigue testing using a bipolar rectangular pulse at E_F and 100 kHz.
Limitations
- The paper states that the optimal W_rec in PHO film is medium, that there is “a lot of room to improve the W_rec in PHO AFE films,” and that more efforts are needed in the future to further improve energy-storage density.
- Evident from the text: the study is limited to one PHO composition and a fixed film thickness of approximately 330 nm, and comparisons to higher-performing PbZrO₃-based films are drawn from cited literature rather than direct measurements.
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Cites
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 26 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingreasoning
A gradually enhanced energy efficiency was observed in the 750 °C annealing film.
“Besides, we also observed a gradually enhanced η in 750 °C annealing film.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
The energy efficiency of the 700 °C annealing film decreased significantly after 10^8 switching cycles.
“whereas the η of 700 °C annealing film decreased significantly.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The P-E loops of the sample annealed at 650 °C kept almost unchanged in the temperature range of 25-150 °C.
“The P-E loops of sample annealed at 650 °C kept almost unchanged in the temperature range of 25-150 °C.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The recoverable energy-storage density was approximately 1.5 times that of films annealed at 700 and 750 °C.
“The W rec was approximately 1.5 times that of films annealed at 700 and 750 °C.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingreasoning
Reducing annealing temperature is beneficial for fine grains.
“Although reducing annealing temperature is beneficial for fine grains, too low annealing temperature, such as 600 °C, will decrease the orthorhombic phase content.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingreasoning
For the films annealed at 600 °C, the energy efficiency markedly declined.
“However, for the films annealed at 600 °C, the η markedly declined”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The mean electric breakdown strength of films annealed at 600 and 650 °C is about 1.8 times that of films annealed at 700 and 750 °C.
“The mean E BDS of films annealed at 600 and 650 °C are about 1.8 time that of films annealed at 700 and 750 °C.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingreasoning
The polarization, recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency exhibited negligible fluctuations in the 650 °C annealed film.
“At the same time, the P, W rec and η exhibited negligible fluctuations”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
When PHO films were annealed at 650 and 700 °C, AFE double P-E loops were observed.
“When PHO films were annealed at 650 and 700 °C, AFE double P-E loops were observed.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Among all samples, the 650 °C annealing film displayed the maximum shape parameter β value (18.3).
“Among all samples, 650 °C annealing film displayed the maximum β value (18.3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
After 10^8 switching cycles, both recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency of 600 and 650 °C annealing samples remained stable.
“After 10 8 switching, both W rec and η of 600 and 650 °C annealing samples remained stable”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The energy efficiency was almost two times that of the film processed at 750 °C.
“While the η was almost two times that of film processed at 750 °C”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The dielectric constant decreased as the annealing temperature decreased.
“The dielectric constant decreased as the annealing temperature decreased.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The energy-storage density increased with the applied electric field.
“The energy-storage density increased with the applied electric field.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The 750 °C annealing sample broke down after 10^7 switching cycles.
“Unfortunately, the 750 °C annealing sample broke down after 10 7 switching cycles.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
Too low annealing temperature, such as 600 °C, will decrease the orthorhombic phase content.
“Although reducing annealing temperature is beneficial for fine grains, too low annealing temperature, such as 600 °C, will decrease the orthorhombic phase content.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Samples annealed at high temperature displayed larger polarization.
“As shown in Fig. 3, the samples annealed at high temperature displayed larger polarization.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
The dielectric loss increased as the temperature improved.
“However, the dielectric loss increased as the temperature improved.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationnone given
Novel PbHfO3 antiferroelectric films were prepared for the first time.
“Novel PbHfO 3 antiferroelectric films were prepared for the first time.”
- Also stated in: § 1. Introduction · plain
“In this study, PHO AFE films were prepared using sol-gel for the first time.”
- Also stated in: § 4. Conclusions · plain
“PHO AFE films were fabricated using a simple sol-gel method for the first time.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § 1. Introduction · plain
- Interpretationreasoning
The excellent energy-storage performance was probably due to the coexistence of fine grains and amorphous phase.
“The excellent energy-storage performance was probably due to the coexistence of fine grains and amorphous phase.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The energy-storage performance of PHO films can be improved effectively by optimizing the annealing temperature.
“The energy storage performance can be improved effectively by cutting components through proper annealing process.”
- Also stated in: § 1. Introduction · boosted
“We have confirmed that it is a simple and effective solution to tailor the energy-storage performance by optimizing the annealing temperature.”
- Also stated in: § 4. Conclusions · hedged
“Studies indicated that the annealing temperature had an important effect on the microstructure and performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § 1. Introduction · boosted
- Interpretationcitation
The gradual transformation of PHO film from orthorhombic AFE phase to cubic paraelectric phase at high temperature results in energy efficiency improvement with measurement temperature.
“This is mainly due to the Curie temperature of PHO being 210 °C [23] and the gradual transformation of PHO film from orthorhombic AFE phase to cubic paraelectric phase at high temperature, resulting in the η improvement with the measurement temperature.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [23]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Nanodomain engineering is an effective method for improving the electric breakdown strength and energy storage density.
“Similarly, nanodomain engineering was also an effective method for improving the E BDS and energy storage density [1,8].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
The enhanced energy-storage performance is closely associated with the coexistence of fine grain and amorphous phase.
“Anyway, the enhanced energy-storage performance should be closely associated with the coexistence of fine grain and amorphous phase.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The decline in energy efficiency for 600 °C annealed films might result from insulation reduction and leakage current enhancement.
“which might result from the insulation reduction and leakage current enhancement.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
PHO films annealed at low temperatures can display higher electric breakdown strength.
“Therefore, PHO films annealed at low temperatures can display higher E BDS .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
There is a lot of room to improve the recoverable energy-storage density in PHO AFE films.
“Therefore, there is a lot of room to improve the W rec in PHO AFE films.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
AFE materials show high energy-storage density and energy efficiency due to their double hysteresis loop.
“The difference is that the neighbouring polarizations of AFE crystal are in antiparallel directions, resulting in double hysteresis loop [3], which will enable AFE materials to show high energy-storage density and energy efficiency.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
The coexistence of fine grain and amorphous phase contributes to the improvement of energy-storage performance.
“and the coexistence of fine grain and amorphous phase contribute to the improvement of energy-storage performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Well-crystallized films will show large maximum polarization and recoverable energy-storage density.
“Therefore, the well-crystallized films will show large P max and W rec .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The optimal recoverable energy-storage density in PHO film is medium.
“However, it is also worth noting that the optimal W rec in PHO film is medium.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The thin P-E loops obtained in the 650 °C annealing sample originate from the coexistence of fine grains and amorphous phase.
“While the”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Novel PHO AFE films had potential applications in thin film capacitors.
“These results demonstrated that novel PHO AFE films had potential applications in thin film capacitors.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Most studies focused on PbZrO3-based and AgNbO3-based AFE materials.
“Although most studies focused on PbZrO 3 -based and AgNbO 3 -based AFE materials [16][17][18][19], it is still necessary to develop new AFE materials.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [16]
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- cites [17]
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- cites [19]
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- Premisecitation
In many previous studies, the film with a thickness of 250-450 nm performed best.
“In many previous studies [9,[12][13][14], the film with a thickness of 250-450 nm performed best.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9,[12][13][14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Previous studies have shown that the electric breakdown strength could be greatly improved via fine grain and amorphous phase.
“Previous studies have shown that the E BDS could be greatly improved via fine grain and amorphous phase [1,7,8,28].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [7]
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- cites [8]
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- cites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
Annealing temperature had an important effect on the microstructure and performance of PHO films.
“Studies indicated that the annealing temperature had an important effect on the microstructure and performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The long-range order will be disturbed by nano grains and amorphous phase when films are annealed at low temperature.
“However, the long-range order will be disturbed by nano grains and amorphous phase when films are annealed at low temperature.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisenone given
To obtain high energy efficiency, a thin P-E loop is usually required.
“To obtain a high η, the”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 20
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 9
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe maximum recoverable energy storage density (24.9 J/cm3) and energy efficiency (73%) were obtained in the 650 °C annealed PHO film.
“The maximum W rec (24.9 J/cm 3 ) was obtained in 650 °C annealing film, which also showed outstanding η (73%).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“The 650 °C annealed film has high recoverable energy storage density and energy efficiency.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataA perovskite structure with orthorhombic phase started to appear at 600 °C and became increasingly obvious with increasing annealing temperature.
“The XRD patterns of PHO films processed at different temperatures are shown in Fig. 1(a), which indicate that a perovskite structure with orthorhombic phase started to appear at 600 °C and became increasingly obvious with the annealing temperature raising.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe PHO film in this study has a space group of Pbam with lattice parameters a = 5.8389 Å, b = 11.7014 Å, c = 8.2057 Å.
“PHO film in this study has a space group of Pbam with crystal lattice a = 5.8389 Å, b = 11.7014Å, c = 8.2057 Å, which correspond well to the PDF#704831.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataCharacteristic double P-E loops were obtained in 650 and 700 °C annealing samples, implying the presence of AFE phase.
“Obviously, the characteristic double P-E loops were obtained in 650 and 700 °C annealing samples, implying the presence of AFE phase.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingreasoningBoth recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency in the 650 °C annealing sample outperformed the others, as did the thermal stability and fatigue endurance.
“Both W rec and η in 650 °C annealing sample outperformed the others, so did the thermal stability and fatigue endurance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe relative dielectric constant of films annealed at 600 and 650 °C remained constant with frequency, and their dielectric losses were very low.
“What's more, the relative dielectric constant of films annealed at 600 and 650 °C remained constant with the frequency, and their dielectric losses were very low.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe film annealed at 650 °C was not fully crystallized and consisted of fine grains and amorphous phase.
“Obviously, some ordered clusters (A) were randomly distributed in the disordered amorphous matrix (B), indicating that film annealed at 650 °C was not fully crystallized and consisted of fine grains and amorphous phase.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationDoping, alloying with another perovskite phase, and inserting an insulation layer can increase the electric breakdown strength and optimize the energy-storage performance.
“In addition, doping [9], alloying with another perovskite phase, [10,11] and inserting insulation layer [12] could increase the E BDS and optimize the energy-storage performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [9]
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- cites [10]
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- cites [11]
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- cites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency in Pb0.88Ca0.12ZrO3 films were 50.2 J/cm3 and 83.1% at 2800 kV/cm.
“For example, the W rec and η in Pb 0.88 Ca 0.12 ZrO 3 films were 50.2J/cm 3 and 83.1% at 2800 kV/cm, respectively [9].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationFor (Pb0.92La0.08)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3/PbZrO3 multilayer thin film, the maximum recoverable energy-storage density of 29.7 J/cm3 and energy efficiency of 50.8% were achieved.
“For (Pb 0.92 La 0.08 )(Zr 0.65 Ti 0.35 )O 3 /PbZrO 3 multilayer thin film, the maximum W rec of 29.7 J/cm 3 and η of 50.8% were achieved [30].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenHigh annealing temperature leads to large grains and long-range AFE order.
“High annealing temperature leads to large grains and longrange AFE order.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningSerious fatigue behaviour and degraded energy-storage performance were observed in 700 and 750 °C annealing samples.
“Hence the serious fatigue behaviour and degraded energy-storage performance were observed in 700 and 750 °C annealing samples.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationCompared with electrochemical capacitors and batteries, dielectric capacitors display high power density, excellent fatigue endurance and quick charge-discharge rate.
“Compared with electrochemical capacitors and batteries, dielectric capacitors display high power density, excellent fatigue endurance and quick charge-discharge rate [1,2].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [1]
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- cites [2]
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May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningReducing the annealing temperature can refine grain and introduce amorphous phase.
“The aforementioned discussion also manifests that reducing the annealing temperature can refine grain and introduce amorphous phase.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationChemical pressure caused by doping small radius ions in PbZrO3 films can decrease the difference between FE-to-AFE and AFE-to-FE phase transition fields, resulting in thin P-E loops and high energy efficiency.
“Recent studies showed that chemical pressure caused by doping small radius ions in PbZrO 3 films could decrease the △E between FE-to-AFE and AFEto-FE phase transition field (E A and E F ), resulting in”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [13]
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- cites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Premisenone givenDuring electric field-induced AFE-FE phase transition, good crystallization is an important guarantee for large maximum polarization.
“During electric field-induced AFE-FE phase transition, the good crystallization is the important guarantee for large P max .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationLead oxide is extremely volatile at high temperature, which can change the stoichiometric ratio and deteriorate the electrical property.
“Of note, lead oxide is extremely volatile at high temperature [25], which can change the stoichiometric ratio and deteriorate the electrical property.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Interpretationnone givenThe negligible fluctuations in polarization, recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency may be related to the presence of fine grain.
“which may be related with the presence of fine grain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningA ferroelectric-like P-E loop was observed in the 750 °C annealing film, mainly caused by the lead oxide's excessive volatility during preparation.
“Besides, a”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe recoverable energy-storage density and energy efficiency can be regulated by annealing temperature.
“indicating that the W rec and η can be regulated by annealing temperature”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThese fine grains and amorphous phase result in the enhanced energy-storage density, ideal energy efficiency, high thermostability and excellent fatigue resistance.
“These fine grains and amorphous phase result in the enhanced energy-storage density, ideal energy efficiency, high thermostability and excellent fatigue resistance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe energy density of 17.1 J/cm3 was reported in Sm-doped PbZrO3 thin films.
“Besides, the energy density of 17.1 J/cm 3 was also reported in Sm-doped PbZrO 3 thin films [31].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Premisenone givenThe antiferroelectricity and energy-storage performance in PHO film have not yet been studied.
“As far as we know, the antiferroelectricity and energy-storage performance in PHO film have not yet been studied.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationAccording to the LPD-SICI model, polarization fatigue is mainly initiated by charge injection, which is proportionate to polarization charges.
“According to the LPD-SICI model, the polarization fatigue is mainly initiated by the charge injection, which is proportionate to polarization charges [34].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
The paper relies on this without support.
Grain size is proportional to annealing temperature.
“It is well known that the grain size is proportional to the annealing temperature.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The larger the grains, the stronger the diffraction intensity will be.
“The larger the grains, the stronger the diffraction intensity will be.”
The paper relies on this without support.
AFE thin films perform worse than thick ones because of high leakage current and low electric breakdown strength.
“In general, AFE thin films perform worse than thick ones because of high leakage current and low E BDS .”
The paper relies on this without support.
Too thick samples tend to produce more defects during preparation, which will reduce the electric breakdown strength.
“However, too thick samples tend to produce more defects during preparation, which will reduce the E BDS .”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Same reference has two different article numbers
MinorReferences 3 and 16 list the same authors, title, journal, volume and year, but give different article numbers: 3229 and 2229.
“3. A.K. Tagantsev, K. Vaideeswaran, S.B. Vakhrushev, et al., The origin of antiferroelectricity in PbZrO 3 , Nat. Commun. 4 (2013) 3229.”
“16. A.K. Tagantsev, K. Vaideeswaran, S.B. Vakhrushev, et al., The origin of antiferroelectricity in PbZrO 3 , Nat. Commun. 4 (2013) 2229.”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Huang, X.-X., Zhang, T.-F., Wang, W., Ge, P.-Z., & Tang, X.-G.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong University of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Xin-Gui
- Venue
- Materials & Design
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 204
- Pages
- 109666
- ISSN
- 0264-1275 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3139049166
- Semantic Scholar
- 0f58518baaac82099f77dec5112033bc126a3767
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials & Design (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Dielectric materials and actuators
- Keywords
- PbHfO3, antiferroelectric thin films, energy storage, annealing temperature, crystallinity, amorphous phase, energy storage density, energy efficiency, thermal stability, fatigue endurance, power electronics
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