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Cognitive function in late versus early postmenopausal stage
Abstract
Objectives There are relatively few studies of cognitive performance in the first few postmenopausal years and insufficient data on whether there is differential decline in different cognitive abilities. The aim of the present analysis was to determine the nature of cognitive decline across a range of functions within a period of 5 years from early to late postmenopausal stage. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 189 postmenopausal women, who had experienced a natural menopause, were not taking hormonal medication and had not done so in the previous 12 months, were divided according to their postmenopausal stage into early (stage +1, 5 years since the last menstrual period, aged 59.8+/-0.4 years, n=109) postmenopausal stages. Participants completed a comprehensive battery of tests measuring attention, episodic and semantic memory, planning and mental flexibility. Participants also completed self-ratings of mood, sleepiness and menopausal symptoms. Results There were no differences between the groups in their performance in tests of attention, verbal fluency or memory. However, in the two tests of executive function (planning and mental flexibility) the women in the late postmenopausal stage performed significantly worse than the women in the early postmenopausal stage. These differences remained significant when effects of age and IQ were taken into account by analyses of covariance. There were no differences between the groups in their ratings of mood or of habitual sleepine…
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“Executive function has been shown to decline between early and late postmenopause (Elsabagh et al, 2007), although declines observed in other cognitive domains such as verbal memory (Epperson et al, 2013) suggest that executive dysfunction may begin earlier.”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Elsabagh et al, 2007
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Metadata
- Authors
- Elsabagh, S., Hartley, D. E., & File, S. E.
- Venue
- Maturitas
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84-93
- ISSN
- 0378-5122
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 52
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- Funders
- Dunhill Medical Trust
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