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Cited by 861Menopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsSexual function and dysfunction studiesReproductive Health and Contraception

Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40-55 years of age

Gold, E. B.·2000·American Journal of Epidemiology
DOI 10.1093/aje/152.5.463
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Abstract

A community-based survey was conducted during 1995-1997 of factors related to menopausal and other symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic sample of 16,065 women aged 40-55 years. Each of seven sites comprising the Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN) surveyed one of four minority populations and a Caucasian population. The largest adjusted prevalence odds ratios for all symptoms, particularly hot flashes or night sweats (odds ratios = 2.06-4.32), were for women who were peri- or postmenopausal. Most symptoms were reported least frequently by Japanese and Chinese (odds ratios = 0.47-0.67 compared with Caucasian) women. African-American women reported vasomotor symptoms and vaginal dryness more (odds ratios = 1.17-1.63) but urine leakage and difficulty sleeping less (odds ratios = 0.64-0.72) than Caucasians. Hispanic women reported urine leakage, vaginal dryness, heart pounding, and forgetfulness more (odds ratios = 1.22-1.85). Hot flashes or night sweats, urine leakage, and stiffness or soreness were associated with a high body mass index (odds ratios = 1.15-2.18 for women with a body mass index > or =27 vs. 19-26.9 kg/m2). Most symptoms were reported most frequently among women who had difficulty paying for basics (odds ratios = 1.15-2.05), who smoked (odds ratios = 1.21-1.78), and who rated themselves less physically active than other women their age (odds ratios = 1.24-2.33). These results suggest that lifestyle, menstrual status, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status affect symptoms in this age group.

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  • Hot flashes occur in 60 to 80 % of women during the menopausal transition and persist for 4 to 5 years on average.

    “it is generally believed that hot flashes occur in 60 to 80 % of women during the menopausal transition [102] and persist for 4 to 5 years on average [103,104].”

    From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [102]

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Authors
Gold, E. B.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Gold, E. B.
ORCID
Gold, E. B.
Venue
American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2000-09-01
Volume
152
Issue
5
Pages
463-473
ISSN
0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/aje/152.5.463
OpenAlex
W2124167012
Cited by
861
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 36
FWCI
11.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (U01-AG12505, U01AG012505, U01 AG12531, U01AG012531)
  • National Institute of Nursing Research (U01-NR-04061, U01NR004061)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
Keywords
menopausal symptoms, hot flashes, night sweats, vasomotor symptoms, vaginal dryness, urinary incontinence, sleep disorders, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, African American women, Hispanic women, Japanese women, Chinese women, middle-aged women, Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
MeSH terms
Adult, Demography, Ethnicity, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Menopause, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Smoking, Women's Health, Hot Flashes

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