The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maximal Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
Open accessAbstract
Objective To examine the relationship between estimated maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn).Patients and methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 38,659 Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study participants seen between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2006, to examine CRF levels defined as low (lower 20%), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%) of age- and sex-specific distributions vs National Cholesterol Education Program-derived MetSyn expressed as a summed z-score continuous variable. We used a general linear model for continuous variables, the χ(2) test for distribution of categorical variables, and multiple linear regression for single and cumulative MetSyn scores adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and family history of cardiovascular disease.Results We observed significant inverse trends for MetSyn vs CRF in both sexes (P for trend <.001). The CRF associations vs individual components were as follows: waist circumference-men: β=-.14, r(2)=0.78; women: β=-.04, r(2)=0.71; triglycerides-men: β=-.29, r(2)=0.18; women: β=-.17, r(2)=0.18; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-men: β=.25, r(2)=0.17; women: β=.08, r(2)=0.19; fasting glucose-men: β=-.09, r(2)=0.09; women: β=.09, r(2)=0.01; systolic blood pressure-men: β=-.09, r(2)=0.09; women: β=-.01, r(2)=0.21; and diastolic blood pressure-men: β=-.07, r(2)=0.12; women: β=-.05, r(2)=0.14. All associations except for systolic blood pressure (both sexes) and glucose (women) are significant (P<.001).Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with MetSyn in both sexes, with the strongest single associative component being waist circumference.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although the mechanism of exercise-induced lipid changes is unclear, exercise itself may increase blood lipid consumption hence to decrease lipids levels [60].”
From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [60]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
Reaven, G. M. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595 · Cited by 12,154
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Smith, S. C., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404 · Cited by 11,961
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome
Després, J.-P., & Lemieux, I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05488 · Cited by 4,354
Pickering, T. G., Hall, J. E., Appel, L. J., Falkner, B. E., Graves, J., Hill, M. N., Jones, D. W., Kurtz, T., Sheps, S. G., & Roccella, E. J. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000154900.76284.f6 · Cited by 3,985
Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease.
Reaven, G. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.37.12.1595 · Cited by 3,801
Kodama, S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.681 · Cited by 3,035
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women
Blair, S. N. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430170057028 · Cited by 2,658
Self-citationPark, Y.-W., Zhu, S., Palaniappan, L., Heshka, S., Carnethon, M. R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.4.427 · Cited by 2,074
Tjønna, A. E., Lee, S. J., Rognmo, Ø., Stølen, T. O., Bye, A., Haram, P. M., Loennechen, J. P., Al-Share, Q. Y., Skogvoll, E., Slørdahl, S. A., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.772822 · Cited by 1,145
Church, T. S., Earnest, C. P., Skinner, J. S., & Blair, S. N. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.19.2081 · Cited by 756
Self-citationLaaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H.-M., Salonen, J. T., Niskanen, L. K., Rauramaa, R., & Lakka, T. A. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.9.1612 · Cited by 657
Brage, S., Wedderkopp, N., Ekelund, U., Franks, P. W., Wareham, N. J., Andersen, L. B., & Froberg, K. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.9.2141 · Cited by 537
A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing
Pollock, M. L., Bohannon, R. L., Cooper, K. H., Ayres, J. J., Ward, A., White, S. R., & Linnerud, A. C. (1976) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(76)80401-2 · Cited by 536
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Inversely Associated With the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome
LaMonte, M. J., Barlow, C. E., Jurča, R., Kampert, J. B., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.503805 · Cited by 516
Self-citationSedentary Lifestyle, Poor Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome
Lakka, T. A., Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H.-M., NNIKK, N. M., NISKANEN, L. K., Rauramaa, R., & Salonen, J. T. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000079076.74931.9a · Cited by 471
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Ortega, F. B., Kim, Y.-S., Church, T. S., Winett, R. A., Ekelund, U., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Blair, S. N. (2010) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066209 · Cited by 459
Self-citationTargeting the Metabolic Syndrome with Exercise: Evidence from the HERITAGE Family Study
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Leon, A. S., Wilmore, J. H., Skinner, J. S., Rao, D. C., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000089337.73244.9b · Cited by 396
Johnson, J. L., Slentz, C. A., Houmard, J. A., Samsa, G. P., Duscha, B. D., Aiken, L. B., McCartney, J. S., Tanner, C. J., & Kraus, W. E. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.07.027 · Cited by 347
What is the Relationship Between Exercise and Metabolic Abnormalities?
Carroll, S., & Dudfield, M. (2004) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200434060-00004 · Cited by 334
Slentz, C. A., Aiken, L. B., Houmard, J. A., Bales, C. W., Johnson, J. L., Tanner, C. J., Duscha, B. D., & Kraus, W. E. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00124.2005 · Cited by 296
Pollock, M. L., Foster, C., Schmidt, D. H., Hellman, C., Linnerud, A. C., & Ward, A. (1982) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(82)90275-7 · Cited by 286
Changes in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., Jackson, A. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.013 · Cited by 285
Self-citationClausen, J. O., Borch-Johnsen, K., Ibsen, H., Bergman, R. N., Hougaard, P., Winther, K., & Pedersen, O. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118903 · Cited by 259
Exercise and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults
Stewart, K. J., Bacher, A. C., Turner, K., Lim, J. G., Hees, P. S., Shapiro, E. P., Tayback, M., & Ouyang, P. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.006 · Cited by 252
Franks, P. W., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Wong, M.-Y., & Wareham, N. J. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.5.1187 · Cited by 220
Torjesen, P. A., Birkeland, K. I., Anderssen, S. A., Hjermann, I., Holme, I., & Urdal, P. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.1.26 · Cited by 196
Exercise alone is an effective strategy for reducing obesity and related comorbidities.
Ross, R., Freeman, J. A., & Janssen, I. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 163
Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss on Cardiac Risk Factors Associated With Syndrome X
Watkins, L. L., Sherwood, A., Feinglos, M. N., Hinderliter, A. L., Babyak, M. A., Gullette, E. C. D., WAUGH, R. A., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.16.1889 · Cited by 134
Wareham, N. J., Hennings, S. J., Byrne, C. D., Hales, C. N., Prentice, A. M., & Day, N. (1998) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114598001287 · Cited by 87
McBride, P. E., Einerson, J. A., Grant, H., Sargent, C., Underbakke, G. L., Vitcenda, M., Zeller, L. M., & Stein, J. H. (2008) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/bf03028624 · Cited by 81
Interval Training in Men at Risk for Insulin Resistance
Earnest, C. P., Lupo, M., Thibodaux, J., Hollier, C. A., Butitta, B. P., Lejeune, E., Johannsen, N. M., Gibala, M. J., & Church, T. S. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311594 · Cited by 61
Self-citationBlair, S. N. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520380029031 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Haskell, W. L., Kaminsky, L. A., Levine, B. D., Lavie, C. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000461 · Cited by 2,486
Self-citationMann, S., Beedie, C., & Jimenez, A. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0110-5 · Cited by 801
Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome
MYERS, J. N., Kokkinos, P. F., & Nyelin, E. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11071652 · Cited by 707
Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins
Wang, Y., & Xu, D. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0515-5 · Cited by 436
Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease - The past, present, and future
Kaminsky, L. A., Arena, R. A., Ellingsen, Ø., Harber, M. P., MYERS, J. N., Ozemek, C., & Ross, R. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.01.002 · Cited by 280
Metadata
- Authors
- Earnest, C. P., Artero, E. G., Sui, X., Lee, D.-C., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Iowa State University (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Earnest, Conrad P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 259-270
- ISSN
- 0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3622904
- OpenAlex
- W1966415391
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- American Heart Association
- Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (EX-2010-1008)
- National Institutes of Health (AG06945, HL62508, R21DK088195)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic risk factors, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Models, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist Circumference
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
