CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,985Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesNon-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals: Part 1: Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans: A Statement for Professionals From the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research

Pickering, Thomas G., Hall, John E., Appel, Lawrence J., Falkner, Bonita E., Graves, John, Hill, Martha N., Jones, Daniel W., Kurtz, Theodore +2 more·2005·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/01.cir.0000154900.76284.f6
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Accurate measurement of blood pressure is essential to classify individuals, to ascertain blood pressure–related risk, and to guide management. The auscultatory technique with a trained observer and mercury sphygmomanometer continues to be the method of choice for measurement in the office, using the first and fifth phases of the Korotkoff sounds, including in pregnant women. The use of mercury is declining, and alternatives are needed. Aneroid devices are suitable, but they require frequent calibration. Hybrid devices that use electronic transducers instead of mercury have promise. The oscillometric method can be used for office measurement, but only devices independently validated according to standard protocols should be used, and individual calibration is recommended. They have the advantage of being able to take multiple measurements. Proper training of observers, positioning of the patient, and selection of cuff size are all essential. It is increasingly recognized that office measurements correlate poorly with blood pressure measured in other settings, and that they can be supplemented by self-measured readings taken with validated devices at home. There is increasing evidence that home readings predict cardiovascular events and are particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatment. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory monitoring gives a better prediction of risk than office measurements and is useful for diagnosing white-coat hypertension. There is increasing evidence that a failure of blood pressure to fall during the night may be associated with increased risk. In obese patients and children, the use of an appropriate cuff size is of paramount importance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.cir.0000154900.76284.f6

Cites

201 of 201 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Signals associated with crying have distinctive frequencies typically between 400 and 500 Hz, with strong harmonics, well separated from cardiac activity (1-50 Hz), muscle tremors (<20 Hz), and operations in care such as patting, rubbing or stroking.

    “The signals associated with crying have distinctive frequencies (typically between 400 and 500 Hz, with strong harmonics), well separated from other physiological effects such as cardiac activity (1 – 50 Hz) and muscle tremors (< 20 Hz)43–45 or from various operations in care such as patting, rubbing or stroking (see Supplementary Figs. 24a–c).”

    From Skin-interfaced biosensors for advanced wireless physiological monitoring in neonatal and pediatric intensive-care units (2020) · cites this paper as [43]

  • Three blood pressure measurements were obtained by CHWs at baseline according to a standard American Heart Association protocol, and the mean of all measurements was used to calculate CVD risk.

    “In addition, 3 blood pressure measurements were obtained by CHWs at the baseline data collection visit according to a standard protocol recommended by the American Heart Association, and the mean of all the measurements was used to calculate CVD risk.21”

    From Using mHealth Tools to Improve Access and Coverage of People With Public Health Insurance and High Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Argentina: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [21]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 203 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Pickering, T. G., Hall, J. E., Appel, L. J., Falkner, B. E., Graves, J., Hill, M. N., Jones, D. W., Kurtz, T., Sheps, S. G., & Roccella, E. J.
Affiliations
Wolters Kluwer Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2005-02-08
Volume
111
Issue
5
Pages
697-716
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/01.cir.0000154900.76284.f6
OpenAlex
W2484483641
Cited by
3,985
References
203
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 184 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 228 · 2018: 255 · 2017: 258 · 2016: 285 · 2015: 296 · 2014: 254 · 2013: 276 · 2012: 272
FWCI
103.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords
blood pressure measurement, auscultatory method, Korotkoff sounds, mercury sphygmomanometer, aneroid sphygmomanometer, oscillometric method, home blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, white coat hypertension, cuff size, observer training, pregnant women, laboratory animals, cardiovascular risk prediction
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Animals, Auscultation, Automation, Blood Pressure Determination, Calibration, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Clinical Competence, Diagnostic Errors, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Organ Specificity, Oscillometry, Posture, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Self Care, Stress, Psychological, Blood Pressure Monitors, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review