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Cited by 76Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Association of resistance exercise, independent of and combined with aerobic exercise, with the incidence of metabolic syndrome

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Bakker, Esmée A., Lee, Duck-chul, Sui, Xuemei, Artero, Enrique G., Ruiz, Jonatan R., Eijsvogels, Thijs M.H., Lavie, Carl J., Blair, Steven N.·2017·Mayo Clinic Proceedings
DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.018PMC PMC5546793
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Abstract

Objective To determine the association of resistance exercise, independent of and combined with aerobic exercise, with the risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MetS).Patients and methods The study cohort included adults (mean ± SD age, 46±9.5 years) who received comprehensive medical examinations at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas, between January 1, 1987, and December, 31, 2006. Exercise was assessed by self-reported frequency and minutes per week of resistance and aerobic exercise and meeting the US Physical Activity Guidelines (resistance exercise ≥2 d/wk; aerobic exercise ≥500 metabolic equivalent min/wk) at baseline. The incidence of MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We used Cox regression to generate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.Results Among 7418 participants, 1147 (15%) had development of MetS during a median follow-up of 4 years (maximum, 19 years; minimum, 0.1 year). Meeting the resistance exercise guidelines was associated with a 17% lower risk of MetS (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96; P=.009) after adjusting for potential confounders and aerobic exercise. Further, less than 1 hour of weekly resistance exercise was associated with 29% lower risk of development of MetS (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89; P=.003) compared with no resistance exercise. However, larger amounts of resistance exercise did not provide further benefits. Individuals meeting both recommended resistance and aerobic exercise guidelines had a 25% lower risk of development of MetS (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89; P<.001) compared with meeting neither guideline.Conclusion Participating in resistance exercise, even less than 1 hour per week, was associated with a lower risk of development of MetS, independent of aerobic exercise. Health professionals should recommend that patients perform resistance exercise along with aerobic exercise to reduce MetS.

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  • Observational studies suggest that combined exercise provides somewhat larger risk reductions in developing clinical endpoints such as metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, and CVD morbidity and mortality.

    “Observational studies also suggest that combined exercise provides somewhat larger (although generally not statistically different compared with either resistance or aerobic exercise alone) risk reductions in developing clinical endpoints such as metabolic syndrome,33 hypercholesterolaemia,34 obesity,35 and CVD morbidity and mortality.36–38”

    From Aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training and cardiovascular risk profile in overweight or obese adults: the CardioRACE trial (2024) · cites this paper as [33]

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Authors
Bakker, E. A., Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Artero, E. G., Ruiz, J. R., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N.
Affiliations
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
  • Iowa State University (US)
  • University of South Carolina (US)
  • University of Almería (ES)
  • Universidad de Granada (ES)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author
Lee, Duck-chul
ORCID
Venue
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-08
Volume
92
Issue
8
Pages
1214-1222
ISSN
0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.018
PMC
PMC5546793
OpenAlex
W2625187122
Cited by
76
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
FWCI
7.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (R37AG006945, R01AG006945)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL133069, R01HL062508)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK088195)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, aerobic exercise, metabolic syndrome, exercise recommendations, physical activity, metabolic syndrome incidence, concurrent training, exercise dose-response
MeSH terms
Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Texas, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Incidence, Metabolic Syndrome, Self Report

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