Cited by 36Diversity and Career in MedicineMedical Education and AdmissionsCareer Development and Diversity

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Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Becoming a Medical Professional Among Underrepresented Undergraduate and Postbaccalaureate Learners

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Joseph, Josiane, Dao, Dyda, Hwang, Soyun Michelle, Dotzler, Steven M., Chesak, Sherry S., Weiskittel, Taylor M., Lang, Margaret E., Melo, Valeria D., Anderson, Jacob B., Vega, Beatriz, Englund, Mckenzie, Boruch, Paige M., Bhagra, Anjali·2021·Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess underrepresented undergraduate and postbaccalaureate learners' perceptions of (1) the medical field, (2) barriers that might prevent individuals from pursuing professional medical careers, and (3) resources that assist in overcoming these barriers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A qualitative study with focus groups was designed to achieve the objective. Participants were recruited from a community initiative to provide early exploration of the medical field to disadvantaged and minority individuals. Thirty-five individuals voluntarily participated in semistructured interviews. Audio from the interviews was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach and thematic analysis. This study was conducted from October 20, 2018, to April 6, 2019. RESULTS: Participants identified multiple characteristics related to the health care work environment and desirable attributes of health care personnel. The following barriers were identified: financial burden, lacking knowledge of the path to becoming a medical professional, inadequate social support, and lacking the metrics of a competitive candidate. Resources identified by participants to overcome barriers included professional networks and programmatic considerations. CONCLUSION: The study participants discussed negative and positive aspects of the health care environment, such as implicit and explicit biases and attributes that promote or sustain success. Participants expounded on financial, academic, social, and personal factors as barriers to success. In regard to resources that were believed to be helpful to mitigate barriers and promote success, participants commented on activities that simulate a professional medical environment, include networking with medical personnel, support well-being, and provide exposure to structured information on the process of obtaining professional medical training.

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Figure Timeline of yearly Pre-Med Insight program activities including when surveys and focus groups were conducted.
Figure Timeline of yearly Pre-Med Insight program activities including when surveys and focus groups were conducted.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 19

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Joseph, J., Dao, D., Hwang, S. M., Dotzler, S. M., Chesak, S. S., Weiskittel, T. M., Lang, M. E., Melo, V. D., Anderson, J. B., Vega, B., Englund, M., Boruch, P. M., & Bhagra, A.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • University of Minnesota Rochester (US)
Corresponding author
Bhagra, Anjali
Venue
Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-04
Volume
5
Issue
2
Pages
347-358
ISSN
2542-4548 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3159453320
Cited by
36
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5
FWCI
7.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (T32GM065841)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
  • Social Sciences › Education › Medical Education and Admissions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
Keywords
underrepresented minority students, barriers to medical education, financial burden, social support, professional networks, health workforce diversity, implicit bias, student perceptions

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