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Sensory and sympathetic nervous system control of white adipose tissue lipolysis
Open accessAbstract
Circulating factors are typically invoked to explain bidirectional communication between the CNS and white adipose tissue (WAT). Thus, initiation of lipolysis has been relegated primarily to adrenal medullary secreted catecholamines and the inhibition of lipolysis primarily to pancreatic insulin, whereas signals of body fat levels to the brain have been ascribed to adipokines such as leptin. By contrast, evidence is given for bidirectional communication between brain and WAT occurring via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and sensory innervation of this tissue. Using retrograde transneuronal viral tract tracers, the SNS outflow from brain to WAT has been defined. Functionally, sympathetic denervation of WAT blocks lipolysis to a variety of lipolytic stimuli. Using anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracers, the sensory input from WAT to brain has been defined. Functionally, these WAT sensory nerves respond electrophysiologically to increases in WAT SNS drive suggesting a possible neural negative feedback loop to regulate lipolysis.
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“All these functions of the SNS are related to allocation of energy-rich fuels and calcium and phosphate to an activated immune system.”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [49]
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“Importantly, the sympathetic innervation of WAT is necessary for lipolysis triggered by stimuli like leptin or cold exposure in rodents.(13,33-36) Nonetheless, it is important to note that the level of sympathetic innervation varies among”
BackgroundSympathetic innervation of the interscapular brown adipose tissue in mouse
François, M., Torres, H., Huesing, C., Zhang, R., Saurage, C., Lee, N., Qualls‐Creekmore, E., Yu, S., Morrison, C. D., Burk, D. H., et al. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14119 · Cited by 69
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“The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates induction of WAT lipolysis, and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of HSL serves as surrogate marker for SNS outflow to WAT (40,41).”
BackgroundHypothalamic malonyl-CoA and CPT1c in the treatment of obesity
Wolfgang, M. J., & Lane, M. D. (2010) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07978.x · Cited by 66
Short and long sympathetic-sensory feedback loops in white fat
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“Collectively, it is 88 clear that WAT possesses sensory innervation [for review see: (8; 9)].”
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“showed the presence of important neuronal connections between the CNS, SNS and WAT and hypothesized that the lipid accumulation which is observed in obesity could be attributed to a reduced SNS activity rather than increased parasympathetic activity [64,68,69].”
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Adipose afferent reflex: sympathetic activation and obesity hypertension
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“Accumulated neuroanatomical and functional evidence indicates the sensory and sympathetic innervations of WAT (Bartness et al. 2005, 2010).”
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“Furthermore, the adipose tissue and brain may interact with each other through neuroendocrine pathways and autonomic nervous system feedback loops [23], and differences in VAT-brain interactions may contribute to alterations in whole-body insulin sensitivity.”
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“question remains: how is the breakdown of TAG mediated in extrahepatic tissues such as adipose tissue when the oxidative metabolism of Cho and Bet mainly occurs in liver mitochondria? One possibility is that by correcting the abnormalities of the liver steatosis, Cho and Bet improved general metabolic and hormonal sta…”
The metabolic and functional roles of sensory nerves in adipose tissues
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“Early viral tracing studies identified hypothalamic regions that receive sensory input from, and drive sympathetic output to, adipose tissues 2,14,55 .”
Hypothalamic effects of thyroid hormones on metabolism
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Electroacupuncture Promotes Central Nervous System-Dependent Release of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism Involving Different Types of Adipose Tissues
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“confirmed by histologically marking sensory nerves with sensory-associated neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P [91,99,100,109].”
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Central Endocannabinoid Signaling Regulates Hepatic Glucose Production and Systemic Lipolysis
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“Under normal conditions, insulin could generate a signal in the MBH that is mediated through descending neuronal pathways that innervate WAT (12,55), resulting in the suppression of lipolysis.”
BackgroundNeural Control of Energy Expenditure
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“BAT and WAT also send feedback information to the CNS via sensory nerves that connect adipocytes via dorsal root ganglia with the brain (Bartness et al. 2010a; b; De et al. 1998; Himms-Hagen et al. 1990; Vaughan et al. 2014).”
Emerging Roles of Sympathetic Nerves and Inflammation in Perivascular Adipose Tissue
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Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology
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“Lipolysis is systemically regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and by several hormones (47).”
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“The existence of both sympathetic and sensory innervations to WAT and BAT has been recently reviewed (Bartness et al., 2010a, 2010b).”
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“Sympathetic innervation of BAT has long been established [55], and recent”
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Metabolism as a tool for understanding human brain evolution: Lipid energy metabolism as an example
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Dnmt3a in Sim1 Neurons Is Necessary for Normal Energy Homeostasis
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Sympathetic innervation of inguinal white adipose tissue in the mouse
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartness, T. J., Shrestha, Y. B., Vaughan, C. H., Schwartz, G. J., & Song, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bartness, Timothy J.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 318
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 34-43
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2826518
- OpenAlex
- W1990112639
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK35254, R37DK035254)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- white adipose tissue, lipolysis, sympathetic nervous system, sensory innervation, sympathetic denervation, anterograde and retrograde tracing, catecholamines, insulin, leptin, adipokines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Lipolysis, Sensory Receptor Cells, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adipose Tissue, White
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