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Investigating Ketone Bodies as Immunometabolic Countermeasures against Respiratory Viral Infections
Open accessAbstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a scourge, with seasonal influenza infecting millions and killing many thousands annually and viral pandemics, such as COVID-19, recurring every decade. Age, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for severe disease and death from viral infection. Immunometabolic therapies for these populations hold promise to reduce the risks of death and disability. Such interventions have pleiotropic effects that might not only target the virus itself but also enhance supportive care to reduce cardiopulmonary complications, improve cognitive resilience, and facilitate functional recovery. Ketone bodies are endogenous metabolites that maintain cellular energy but also feature drug-like signaling activities that affect immune activity, metabolism, and epigenetics. Here, we provide an overview of ketone body biology relevant to respiratory viral infection, focusing on influenza A and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, and discuss the opportunities, risks, and research gaps in the study of exogenous ketone bodies as novel immunometabolic interventions in these diseases.
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“Additionally, ketones, which are largely produced during either ketogenic diets or fasting periods, can impact immune function and may have possible therapeutic effects for COVID-19194.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [194]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stubbs, B. J., Koutnik, A. P., Goldberg, E. L., Upadhyay, V., Turnbaugh, P. J., Verdin, E., & Newman, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging (US)
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Newman, John C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Med
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-65
- ISSN
- 2666-6340 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7362813
- OpenAlex
- W3043137980
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 251
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Med (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging (T32 HL007185)
- National Institutes of Health (K08 AG048354)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- ketone bodies, immunometabolic therapy, respiratory viral infections, influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, immunomodulation, metabolic signaling, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, age-related risk factors, cardiopulmonary complications, functional recovery
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Influenza, Human, Ketone Bodies, Pandemics
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