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Cited by 89Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching

Kraemer, William J., Ratamess, Nicholas A., Volek, Jeff S., Häkkinen, Keijo, Rubin, Martyn R., French, Duncan N., Gómez, Ana L., McGuigan, Michael R. +5 more·2006·Metabolism
DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.023
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Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of amino acid supplementation on muscular performance and resting hormone concentrations during resistance training overreaching. Seventeen resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either an amino acid (AA) or a placebo (P) group and underwent 4 weeks of total-body resistance training designed to induce a state of overreaching. The protocol consisted of two 2-week phases (phase 1, 3 sets of 8 exercises performed for 8-12 repetitions; phase 2, 5 sets of 5 exercises performed for 3-5 repetitions). Muscle strength and resting blood samples were determined before (T1) and at the end of each training week (T2-T5). One-repetition maximum squat and bench press decreased at T2 in the P group but not in the AA group; both groups showed similar increases in strength at T3 to T5. Significant elevations in serum creatine kinase and uric acid were observed at T2 in the P group; the elevation in creatine kinase correlated highly to reductions in 1-repetition maximum squat (r = -0.67, r(2) = 0.45). Significant elevations in serum sex hormone-binding globulin were observed during overreaching in the P group from T2 to T5; this response was abolished in the AA group. Significant reductions in total testosterone were observed in the P group at T4 compared with T1, and total testosterone values were higher for the AA group than for the P group from T2 to T4. Serum 22-kd growth hormone concentrations were elevated at T2 to T5 in P group only. No differences were observed in resting cortisol and insulinlike growth factor 1. Hemoglobin concentrations were significantly reduced at T2 to T5 in the P group. These results indicate that the initial impact of high-volume resistance training is muscle strength reduction and hormonal/biochemical alterations. It appears that amino acid supplementation is effective for attenuating muscle strength loss during initial high-volume stress, possibly by reducing muscle damage by maintaining an anabolic environment.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.023

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  • Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids after high-intensity exercise may favor a hormonal environment that attenuates loss of strength, reduces muscle damage, and generates an anabolic environment.

    “On the other hand, it appears that supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) after high-intensity exercise may favor a hormonal environment that contributes to attenuate the loss of strength, reduce muscle damage, and generate an anabolic environment [127].”

    From The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates (2020) · cites this paper as [127]

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Authors
Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., Volek, J. S., Häkkinen, K., Rubin, M. R., French, D. N., Gómez, A. L., McGuigan, M. R., Scheett, T. P., Newton, R. U., Spiering, B. A., Izquierdo, M., & Dioguardi, F. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • The College of New Jersey (US)
  • University of Jyväskylä (FI)
  • Edith Cowan University (AU)
  • University of Southern Mississippi (US)
  • University of Milan (IT)
Corresponding author
Kraemer, William J.
ORCID
Venue
Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-03
Volume
55
Issue
3
Pages
282-291
ISSN
0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.023
OpenAlex
W2170092600
Cited by
89
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
amino acid supplementation, high-volume training, muscle strength decline, muscle damage, creatine kinase, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor I, hemoglobin, resistance-trained men
MeSH terms
Adult, Amino Acids, Creatine Kinase, Double-Blind Method, Hemoglobins, Hormones, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Peptide Fragments, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Uric Acid, Exercise Tolerance, Human Growth Hormone, Dietary Supplements

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