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Endosymbiotic theory for organelle origins
Abstract
Endosymbiotic theory goes back over 100 years. It explains the similarity of chloroplasts and mitochondria to free-living prokaryotes by suggesting that the organelles arose from prokaryotes through (endo)symbiosis. Gene trees provide important evidence in favour of symbiotic theory at a coarse-grained level, but the finer we get into the details of branches in trees containing dozens or hundreds of taxa, the more equivocal evidence for endosymbiotic events sometimes becomes. It seems that either the interpretation of some endosymbiotic events are wrong, or something is wrong with the interpretations of some gene trees having many leaves. There is a need for evidence that is independent of gene trees and that can help outline the course of symbiosis in eukaryote evolution. Protein import is the strongest evidence we have for the single origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria. It is probably also the strongest evidence we have to sort out the number and nature of secondary endosymbiotic events that have occurred in evolution involving the red plastid lineage. If we relax our interpretation of individual gene trees, endosymbiotic theory can tell us a lot.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zimorski, V., Ku, C., Martin, W. F., & Gould, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 22
- Pages
- 38-48
- ISSN
- 1369-5274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060804705
- Semantic Scholar
- 13afd83e6ec98416549a7dd120f485251fbb892d
- Cited by
- 453
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Research Council (232975)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GO1825/4-1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- endosymbiotic theory, organelle origin, chloroplasts, mitochondria, secondary endosymbiosis, gene trees, protein import, eukaryotic evolution, symbiosis
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Cyanobacteria, Eukaryotic Cells, Mitochondria, Prokaryotic Cells, Symbiosis, Organelles, Protein Transport
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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