Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on centrifugation-free dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for speciation of selenium in aqueous samples: One step closer to green analytical chemistry
Abstract
A centrifugation-free dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent combined with UV–Vis spectrophotometry has been developed for the speciation of selenium in aqueous samples. In this study, the centrifugation step was omitted by applying salting-out phenomenon. The influence of main variables on the efficiency of the procedure was studied by chemometric methods. Under optimal conditions, the analytical signal was linear in the range of 2.0–100.0 μg L−1. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated at the concentration of 0.76 and 1.92 μg L−1, respectively. The precision consists of repeatability and reproducibility were determined by calculating the relative standard deviation (RSD%), their values were
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The centrifugation step (for phase separation) was eliminated by applying the salting-out effect using NaCl.
“The centrifugation step (for phase separation) was eliminated by applying the salting-out effect using NaCl.”
A potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate mixture was used to reduce As (V) [77], hydrochloric acid was used to reduce Se (VI) to Se (IV) [78,79], and ultraviolet (UV) light and microwaves were used to rapidly convert R-Hg to Hg 2+ [78].
“As a result of this, a potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate mixture was used to reduce As (V) [77], hydrochloric acid was used to reduce Se (VI) to Se (IV) [78,79], and ultraviolet (UV) light and microwaves were used to rapidly convert R-Hg to Hg 2+ [78].”
Mostafavi et al. also reported another DES (benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (BTPPB) and 1-undecanol) for the extraction of selenium from aqueous samples prior to UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis [79].
“Furthermore, Mostafavi et al. also reported another DES (benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (BTPPB) and 1-undecanol) for the extraction of selenium from aqueous samples prior to UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis [79].”
The method exhibited satisfactory recovery (95-105%).
“The method exhibited satisfactory recovery (95-105%).”
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- Authors
- Mostafavi, B., Feizbakhsh, A., Konoz, E., & Faraji, H.
- Affiliations
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR)
- Islamic Azad University of Varamin (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Feizbakhsh, Alireza
- Faraji, Hakim
- Venue
- Microchemical Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 148
- Pages
- 582-590
- ISSN
- 0026-265X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944716832
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Microchemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Keywords
- selenium speciation, deep eutectic solvents, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, salting-out, solidification, aqueous sample, green analytical chemistry, chemometrics
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