CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 4Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Analysis of routinely collected data: Determining associations of maternal risk factors and infant outcomes with gestational diabetes, in Pakistani, Indian, Bangladeshi and white British pregnant women in Luton, England

Open access
Garcia, Rebecca, Ali, Nasreen, Guppy, Andy, Griffiths, Malcolm, Randhawa, Gurch·2021·Midwifery
DOI 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102899
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective This study aims to compare the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and British women in Luton, England and further examine associations in maternal risk factors (age BMI, smoking status and birth outcome), with gestational diabetes, with maternal ethnicity. Design A retrospective analysis using routinely collected secondary data from Ciconia Maternity information System (CMiS), between 2008 and 2013. The ethnicity of women recorded as Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and white British, residing in [removed] were included in the study. The outcomes for n=15,211 cases were analysed using adjusted standardised residuals, Pearson Chi-square, frequencies and percentages of women with gestational diabetes. Results The prevalence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher in the sample of Bangladeshi (2.1%) and Pakistani (1.4%) compared to Indian (1%) and white British (0.4%) women. Of the women diagnosed with gestational diabetes, 48.7% of the women diagnosed with gestational diabetes in this cohort were Pakistani, compared with 28.3% of Bangladeshi, 6.6% of Indian and 16.4% of white British (χ2= 84.57 df=6, p<0.001). A number of significant Pearson Chi-square associations were found between Pakistani women diagnosed with gestational diabetes and BMI over 30kg/m 2 (χ 2= 43.1 df=4, p<0.001) and an early gestational age at delivery (24-37 weeks) (χ2= 4.084 df=1, p=0.043). Conclusions There are important differences in the prevalence rates of gestational diabetes which varied by maternal ethnicity. Of the women who had GDM, 48.7% were Pakistani, compared with 28.3% Bangladeshi, 16.4% white British and 6.6% Indian. It is essential policy makers and service providers target GDM screening and associated interventions and future research seeks to understand the reasons behind these differences.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102899

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In Luton, UK, 2008-2013, GDM prevalence among White British, Indian, Bangladeshi, and Pakistani pregnant women was highest in Bangladeshi (2.1%) and lowest in White British (0.4%), using NICE 2015 criteria retrospectively.

    “Garcia et al. analyzed data from Luton between 2008 and 2013 to assess the GDM prevalence among White British, Indian, Bangladeshi, and Pakistani pregnant women, which was the highest in Bangladeshi (2.1%) and the lowest in White British (0.4%). They used the NICE 2015 criteria retrospectively [154].”

    From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [154]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 29

  1. Barker, 1995, Fetal origins of coronary heart disease, BMJ, 311, 171, 10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Bryant, 2014, A comparison of South Asian specific and established BMI thresholds for determining obesity prevalence in pregnancy and predicting pregnancy complications: findings from the Born in Bradford cohort, Int. J. Obes., 38, 444, 10.1038/ijo.2013.117 · DOI
  3. Carolan, 2013, Gestational diabetes mellitus among women born in South East Asia: a review of the evidence, Midwifery, 29, 1019, 10.1016/j.midw.2012.09.003 · DOI
  4. Coton, 2016, A cohort study of trends in the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnancy recorded in UK general practice between 1995 and 2012, BMJ Open, 6, 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009494 · DOI
  5. Cresswell, 2013, Predictors of the timing of initiation of antenatal care in an ethnically diverse urban cohort in the UK, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 13, 103, 10.1186/1471-2393-13-103 · DOI
  6. Eidem, 2011, Perinatal and infant mortality in term and preterm births among women with type 1 diabetes, Diabetologia, 54, 2771, 10.1007/s00125-011-2281-7 · DOI
  7. Evers, 2004, Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands, BMJ, 328, 915, 10.1136/bmj.38043.583160.EE · DOI
  8. Farrar, 2015, Association between hyperglycaemia and adverse perinatal outcomes in south Asian and white British women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 8587, 1
  9. Freemantle, 2009, What factors predict differences in infant and perinatal mortality in primary care trusts in England? A prognostic model, BMJ, 339, b2892, 10.1136/bmj.b2892 · DOI
  10. Garcia, 2017, A comparison of antenatal classifications of ‘overweight’ and ‘obesity’ prevalence between white British, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pregnant women in England. An analysis of retrospective data, BMC Public Health, 17, 1
  11. Garcia, 2017, Differences in the pregnancy gestation period and mean birth weights in infants born to Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and white British mothers in Luton, UK: a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data, BMJ Open, 7, 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017139 · DOI
  12. Garcia, 2018, Understanding the consumption of folic acid during preconception, among Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White British mothers in Luton, UK: a qualitative study, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 1
  13. Garcia, 2015, Specific antenatal interventions for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) pregnant women at high risk of poor birth outcomes in the United Kingdom: a scoping review, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 10.1186/s12884-015-0657-2 · DOI
  14. Gracelyn, 2016, Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in antenatal women and its associated risk factors, Int. J. Reprod., Contracept., Obstet. Gynecol., 5, 285, 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20160081 · DOI
  15. Hernandez-Rivas, 2013, Gestational diabetes in a multiethnic population of Spain: Clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes, Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 100, 215, 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.01.030 · DOI
  16. Kenny, 2013, Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: evidence from a large contemporary Cohort, PLoS One, 8, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0056583 · DOI
  17. Kim, 2013, The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in western developed nations: a cross-country systematic review, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 10, 2296, 10.3390/ijerph10062296 · DOI
  18. Macintosh, 2006, Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study, BMJ, 333, 177, 10.1136/bmj.38856.692986.AE · DOI · Paper page
  19. Makgoba, 2012, The effect of maternal characteristics and gestational diabetes on birthweight, BJOG, 119, 1091, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03388.x · DOI
  20. Metzger, 2010, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy, Diabetes Care., 33, 676, 10.2337/dc09-1848 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Mocarski, 2012, Ethnic differences in the association between gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome, Matern. Child Health J., 16, 364, 10.1007/s10995-011-0760-6 · DOI
  22. Pociot, 2016, Genetic risk factors for type 1 diabetes, Lancet North Am. Ed., 387, 2331, 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30582-7 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Ravelli, 2011, Ethnic differences in stillbirth and early neonatal mortality in The Netherlands, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 65, 696, 10.1136/jech.2009.095406 · DOI
  24. Sanchalika, 2015, Risk of gestational diabetes among South Asian immigrants living in New Jersey-a retrospective data review, J. Racial Ethnic Health Disparities, 2, 510, 10.1007/s40615-015-0099-6 · DOI
  25. Sebire, 2001, Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287,213 pregnancies in London, Int. J. Obes., 25, 1175, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801670 · DOI
  26. Sheridan, 2013, Risk factors for congenital anomaly in a multiethnic birth cohort: an analysis of the Born in Bradford study, Lancet North Am. Ed., 382, 1350, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61132-0 · DOI
  27. 2008, Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, N. Engl. J. Med., 358, 113
  28. 2013, Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy, World Health Organ., 13, 1
  29. Yadav, 2013, Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies, Med. J. Malaysia, 68, 44

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Garcia, R., Ali, N., Guppy, A., Griffiths, M., & Randhawa, G.
Affiliations
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
  • University of Bedfordshire (GB)
  • Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • The Open University (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Midwifery
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
94
Pages
102899
ISSN
0266-6138 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.midw.2020.102899
OpenAlex
W3111018479
Cited by
4
References
3
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
FWCI
0.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Midwifery (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Open Research Online (The Open University) (acceptedVersion)
  • University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords
gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal ethnicity, maternal risk factors, body mass index, smoking during pregnancy, birth outcomes, Pakistani women, Bangladeshi women, Indian women, White British women, ethnic disparities, gestational diabetes screening, Luton
MeSH terms
England, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Infant, Pakistan, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Diabetes, Gestational, Pregnant Women, Pregnant People

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review