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Alternative molecular formats and therapeutic applications for bispecific antibodies
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Bispecific antibodies are on the cusp of coming of age as therapeutics more than half a century after they were first described. Two bispecific antibodies, catumaxomab (Removab(®), anti-EpCAM×anti-CD3) and blinatumomab (Blincyto(®), anti-CD19×anti-CD3) are approved for therapy, and >30 additional bispecific antibodies are currently in clinical development. Many of these investigational bispecific antibody drugs are designed to retarget T cells to kill tumor cells, whereas most others are intended to interact with two different disease mediators such as cell surface receptors, soluble ligands and other proteins. The modular architecture of antibodies has been exploited to create more than 60 different bispecific antibody formats. These formats vary in many ways including their molecular weight, number of antigen-binding sites, spatial relationship between different binding sites, valency for each antigen, ability to support secondary immune functions and pharmacokinetic half-life. These diverse formats provide great opportunity to tailor the design of bispecific antibodies to match the proposed mechanisms of action and the intended clinical application.
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“Currently, there are over 60 different bsAbs formats with variations in modular structure, size, affinity/avidity, PK behavior, and intended clinical application.84”
From Tutorial on monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and its considerations in early development (2018) · cites this paper as [84]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Spiess, C., Zhai, Q., & Carter, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Genentech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carter, Paul J.
- Venue
- Molecular Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-106
- ISSN
- 0161-5890 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981730803
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 21
- FWCI
- 11.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Keywords
- bispecific antibodies, catumaxomab, blinatumomab, T cell redirection, antibody engineering, pharmacokinetics, antibody valency, antibody binding sites, antibody half-life, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule, Antigens, Neoplasm, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Cell Adhesion Molecules, CD3 Complex, Antibodies, Bispecific, Models, Immunological, Antigens, CD19
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