Alternative molecular formats and therapeutic applications for bispecific antibodies

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Single-Chain Antigen-Binding Proteins

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The therapeutic monoclonal antibody market

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Tumor Regression in Cancer Patients by Very Low Doses of a T Cell–Engaging Antibody

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Biopharmaceutical benchmarks 2014

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Macromolecular Modeling with Rosetta

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Human IgG4 Antibodies by Dynamic Fab Arm Exchange

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Crystal Structure of a Neutralizing Human IgG Against HIV-1: A Template for Vaccine Design

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An Engineered Mouse Model That Generates a Diverse Repertoire of Endogenous, High-Affinity Common Light Chain Antibodies

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Sequence and Configuration of a Novel Bispecific Antibody Format Impacts Its Production Using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells

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Ligand multimerization effects on binding efficiency of Protein L affinity chromatography resins

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Targeting the unexplored 'dark proteome': Novel approaches in drug discovery

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Study on the hole and knob related impurities in the purification of bispecific antibodies

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Secondary antibody deficiencies: what’s around the corner?

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Bispecific nanobodies – promising engineered candidates with high therapeutic efficiency

Banerjee, S., Vangapally, S., Mariya, A., & Paidimuddala, B. (2026) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2026.01.010 · Cited by 1

Bispecific single-domain antibody (VHH) fused with human IgG1 Fc with dual specificity effectively neutralize Naja Kaouthia venom

Pothisamutyothin, K., Sathorn, S., Boonmee, R., Thaveekarn, W., & Arunmanee, W. (2026) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0014119 · Cited by 1

Calcium as a molecular switch: Gentle antibody-purification through directed evolution of Protein G

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Addressing challenging impurities in fusion proteins: A comprehensive review and cost‐effective strategy for HCP and low molecular weight species control

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Efficient in vivo assembly of DNA encoded polyvalent BTEs for dual antigen targeting for broadening therapeutic impact in ovarian cancer

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Membrane Protein Clustering as a Key Determinant of Endocytosis: Natural Mechanisms, Nonintentional Transporter Internalization, and Engineered Multivalent Nanocarriers

Tashima, T. (2026) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c00602 · Cited by 1

Antibody based therapy for childhood solid cancers

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LINGO-1 is a New Therapy Target and Biomarker for Ewing Sarcoma.

Jain, A., Zhang, J., & Rabbitts, T. H. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 1

Preclinical Development of Monoclonal Antibodies

Meyer-Tamaki, K. B. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803620-4.00023-2 · Cited by 1

Structural arrangement of the VH and VL domains in the COBRA™ T-cell engaging single-chain diabody

Krakow, J. L., Hammel, M., Zhu, Y. J., Hillier, B. J., Paolella, B., Desmarais, A., Wall, R., Chen, T.-H. T., Pei, R., Karunatilake, C., et al. (2021) · Antibody Therapeutics · doi:10.1093/abt/tbab028 · Cited by 1

Monoclonal Antibodies ☆

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Bispecific antibodies and its applications: a novel approach for targeting SARS-Cov-2

Shukla, A. K., & Misra, S. (2023) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0068 · Cited by 1

Drug discovery processes: When and where the rubber meets the road

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Analysis of pharmaceutically and biologically relevant protein variants

Bobály, B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99969-4.00025-5 · Cited by 1

Clinical Application of Therapeutic Bispecific Antibodies

Belachew, G. T. (2023) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2023.49.007880 · Cited by 1

Development of an enabling platform biotechnology for the production of proteins

Aschenbrenner, I., Böckler, M., Franke, F. C., Liebl, K., Catici, D. A. M., Brandl, M., Behnke, J., & Feige, M. J. (2024) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2023-0376 · Cited by 1

Optimization of the polishing process by integrating experimental design and high-throughput screening

Song, M.-S., Cao, W., & Liu, Q. (2024) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2024.109462 · Cited by 1

Development of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing as a platform mispairing byproduct testing method for asymmetric WuXiBody-based bispecific antibodies

Zhan, L., Xie, L., Lv, F., Huang, J., Chen, Z., Wang, L., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124357 · Cited by 1

Synthetic Antibody Engineering: Concepts and Applications

Lai, J. R., Chen, G., & Sidhu, S. S. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803369-2.00003-6 · Cited by 1

Novel Technologies for Generation of Bispecific Constructs

Fayadat‐Dilman, L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0496-5_6 · Cited by 1

Producing and prospects for the use of bispecific antibodies for the treatment of cancer

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Monoclonal Antibody-Directed Therapy

Kayser, V., & Datta‐Mannan, A. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-2872-4 · Cited by 1

COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE PURIFICATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES, AND ANTIBODY–DRUG CONJUGATES

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282 Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) targeting ABCB1/PgP and CD47 provide a multi-modal, tumor specific approach to combat drug resistant cancers

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A bioorthogonal antibody-based chemically-induced-dimerization switch for therapeutic applicationPreprint

Martinko, A. J., Tran, H. L., Simonds, E. F., Cooke, A. L., Huang, Z. X., Raguveer, S., Agullet, J. P., Prasad, S., Going, C. C., Marshall, L. A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536272 · Cited by 1

Analytical Characterization of Bispecific Antibodies and Bispecific Molecules

Dillon, M. A., Lombana, T. N., & Spiess, C. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394236145.ch2 · Cited by 1

Activation of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+T-cell response by antibody-mediated peptide-major histocompatibility class I complexes

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Future outlook for acute leukemias

Subklewe, M. S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26772-2_8

Therapeutic Applications: Strategies and Molecules Targeting the IL-17/Th17 Pathway

Chu, C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28040-0_5

Characterisation and development of 2448 and C51 : novel monoclonal antibodies targeting ovarian and breast cancer

Cua, S. (2017) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/72381

Characterization of Bispecific or Other Hybrid Molecules

Lombana, T. N., & Spiess, C. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119384434.ch8

Future Horizons and New Target Class Opportunities

Wu, H., Webster, C. I., Paterson, J., Guillard, S., Jackson, R., & Minter, R. (2017) · Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1002/9783527699124.ch21

Immune Therapies in Phase 1 Trials

Postel-Vinay, S. C., & Soria, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_32

A pharmacology guided approach for setting limits on product-related impurities for bispecific antibody manufacturing

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Investigating the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins : protein aggregation and host cell protein impurities

Ratanji, K. D. (2017) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)

IL-17/TNF-α BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AS NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

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Novel Agents Beyond Immunomodulatory Agents and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase for Follicular Lymphoma

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High fidelity affinity purification of Fc-fusion molecules from product related impurities

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Fcγ receptors—Master regulators of antibody therapy

Beers, S. A., & Frendéus, B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822028-3.00014-5

Novel Modular Antibodies

Little, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72599-0_8

Recruiting Killer Cells for Cancer Therapy

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Development of Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Early Phase Clinical Trials

Martín-Romano, P., Chabanon, R. M., Procureur, A., Aspeslagh, S., & Postel-Vinay, S. C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47682-3_15

Advanced structural elucidation of new antibody formats by mass spectrometry

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Targeted immunotherapies to consider for B Cell non-hodgkin lymphoma

Namoglu, E. C., Hughes, M. E., & Nasta, S. D. (2021) · Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development · doi:10.1080/23808993.2021.1967142

Role of Bispecific antibody for Multiple Myeloma; A literature Review

Waleed, M. S. (2021) · Journal of Oncology Research Review & Reports · doi:10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)144

Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Concise Overview

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Bispecifics

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Novel Antibody Interfaces Revealed Through Structural MiningPreprint

Yin, Y., Romei, M. G., Sankar, K., Pal, L. R., Hoi, K. H., Yang, Y., Leonard, B. C., Boenig, G. D. L., Kumar, N., Matsumoto, M., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.06.487381

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Nanobodies and Nanobody-Based Human Heavy Chain Antibodies As Antitumor Therapeutics.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Current progress in innovative engineered antibodies.

Abdiche, Y. N. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.729268838.793560915

Antibody Engineering

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Tuning the potency and therapeutic window of ImmTAC molecules by affinity modulationPreprint

Robertson, I. B., Mulvaney, R., Dieckmann, N. M. G., Vantellini, A., Canestraro, M., Amicarella, F., O’Dwyer, R., Cole, D. K., Harper, S. J., Dushek, O., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.511676

Generation and functional evaluation of novel monoclonal antibodies targeting glycosylated human stem cell factor

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Antibody‐Based Targeted T ‐Cell Therapies

Bansode, M., Deb, K., & Deb, S. (2022) · Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1002/9783527827855.ch13

Development of Next-Generation Antibody Therapeutics Using DDS and Molecular Imaging

Yasunaga, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80962-1_200-1

A novel brick for bispecific antibody construction

He, Y., Ma, H., Wang, C., Ai, Z., Wu, Q. Y., Chen, H., & Lu, D. (2023) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.26492

Data from Predicting Tumor Killing and T-Cell Activation by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies as a Function of Target Expression: Combining In Vitro Experiments with Systems Modeling

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Figure S1 from Predicting Tumor Killing and T-Cell Activation by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies as a Function of Target Expression: Combining In Vitro Experiments with Systems Modeling

Vyver, A. J. V. D., Weinzierl, T., Eigenmann, M. J., Frances, N., Herter, S., Buser, R. B., Somandin, J., Diggelmann, S., Limani, F., Lehr, T., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.22521573

Data from Predicting Tumor Killing and T-Cell Activation by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies as a Function of Target Expression: Combining In Vitro Experiments with Systems Modeling

Vyver, A. J. V. D., Weinzierl, T., Eigenmann, M. J., Frances, N., Herter, S., Buser, R. B., Somandin, J., Diggelmann, S., Limani, F., Lehr, T., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.c.6543060

Figure S1 from Predicting Tumor Killing and T-Cell Activation by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies as a Function of Target Expression: Combining In Vitro Experiments with Systems Modeling

Vyver, A. J. V. D., Weinzierl, T., Eigenmann, M. J., Frances, N., Herter, S., Buser, R. B., Somandin, J., Diggelmann, S., Limani, F., Lehr, T., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.22521573.v1

Data from Valency of HER2 Targeting Antibodies Influences Tumor Cell Internalization and Penetration

Ramos, M. K., Mandikian, D., Sermeño, L. N., King, A., Dent, A. T., Ho, J., Ulufatu, S., Lombana, T. N., Spiess, C., Go, M. A. T., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.c.6542773.v1

Immunotherapy Strategy for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Betting on CAR-TPreprint

Chasov, V. V., Zmievskaya, E., Ganeeva, I., Gilyazova, E., Davletshin, D., Mirgayazova, R., Khadiullina, R., Valiullina, A., Rizvanov, A. A., & Bulatov, E. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1136.v1

Monoklonale Anti-Allergen-Antikörper für die Behandlung von Allergien

Pengo, N., Wuillemin, N., Bieli, D., & Gasser, P. (2023) · Allergo Journal · doi:10.1007/s15007-023-5819-3

Preclinical Development of Monoclonal Antibodies

Meyer-Tamaki, K. B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85704-8.00005-0

Optimization of Mixed-Mode Resins by Integrating Experimental Design and High-Throughput ScreeningPreprint

Song, M., Cao, W., & Liu, Q. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4809332

Optimization of Mixed-Mode Resins by Integrating Experimental Design and High-Throughput ScreeningPreprint

Song, M., Cao, W., & Liu, Q. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4841900

Double hit — bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy

Bogdanowicz, A., Wojas‐Krawczyk, K., Krzyżanowska, N., & Krawczyk, P. A. (2024) · Oncology in Clinical Practice · doi:10.5603/ocp.98901

Bispecific Antibodies: An Emerging Concept in Antibody-Based Cancer Therapies

Brandão, R. O., Jiang, X., Selvaraju, S., & Mohapatra, P. (2024) · Interdisciplinary biotechnological advances · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5508-0_4

Process Development and Manufacturing Considerations for Multispecific (Bispecific and Trispecific) Antibodies: Case Study

Iskra, T., Sacramo, A., & Scarcelli, J. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62007-2_5

Introduction

Guarnaccia, A. D., Sandoval, W. N., & Lill, J. R. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394236145.ch1

Development of Next-Generation Antibody Therapeutics Using DDS and Molecular Imaging

Yasunaga, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00767-4_200

Computational epitope discovery and in silico design of a bispecific antibody model (COMED hook) to block Plasmodium invasion into erythrocytes

Köseoğlu, A. E., Gül, N., Duran, T., Öztürk, C., & Hekim, N. (2026) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2026.149999

Modular construction of bispecific antibodies through bioconjugation for T cell-based immunotherapyPreprint

Sun, S.-Q., Wang, L., Xia, J., Li, S., Zhu, J.-M., Cai-wen, D., & Chen, K. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8371642/v1

Accurate quantification of anti-drug antibodies against each unique Fab of a bispecific antibody using an ECL bridging assay

Rowe, B., Reese, K. J., McGrath, K., Concannon, A. A., Schwartz, A. M., & Gunn, G. R. (2025) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.1080/17576180.2026.2617254

Bispecifics: The future of therapeutic antibodies

Davis, J. H. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29808-0.00093-5

Industry Practices in Monoclonal Antibody Tissue Biodistribution Assessment: An IQ Consortium Cross-Industry Survey of Current Approaches and Emerging Trends

Tang, H., McCoy, M., Leonard, A., Mohan, K., Sane, R., Guan, C., Kullolli, M., & Koep, K. (2026) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-026-01216-z

Generic mass spectrometric workflows for mAb-related therapeutic protein quantification in pre-clinical species

Lanshoeft, C. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/70955a37z9a6cz40f5zbe72z9049aa84a7f0

Développement et évaluation d'anticorps bispécifiques dans le traitement du Myélome multiple

Fayon, M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f357d44fz13a7z4f3bza50cz18ea6c378e17

Hyphenation of non-denaturing liquid chromatography to native mass spectrometry for therapeutic protein characterization

Ehkirch, A. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/94501199z1059z4dbez9356za0cd21ee3d9c

Étude fonctionnelle du récepteur couplé aux protéines G orphelin GPR88 et modulation de son activité pharmacologique à l’aide de fragments d’anticorps VHH (nanobodies)

Laboute, T. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ec5c2d90z8906z4534z909bz1de48a9b0c23

Développement d’un assemblage multispécifique de Nanofitines à activité anti-tumorale

Jacquot, P. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4a1dcc72z0725z4d2ez80d6zf930f0086aa9

Etude des mécanismes de contrôle des cellules tumorales par les cellules Natural Killer

Fenis, A. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/747c59caz7a79z4064z989cz9dd2bc8bd27e

Immune cell engagers in lung cancer

Kang, J., Zhang, M., He, Y. B., Chen, J., Liu, X., & Lv, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1746093

The rise of bispecific T-cell engager (BsTCE) antibodies: a potentially game-changing approach for breast cancer therapy?

Gudavalekar, P. U., Khandave, P. Y., Shalini, S., Selvaraju, S., & Pande, A. H. (2026) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2026.104670

Identification of Opportunistic Pathogens on the Skin of Salamanders for Use as Molecular Targets of a De Novo Design of Multitarget Anti‐ Bd Proteins

Ramírez-Villarreal, J., & Álvarez-Martínez, R. (2026) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/ijm/5903624

Laboratory-Scale Production of Recombinant IgG Antibodies

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Leveraging single B cell antibody platforms to develop countermeasures against animal viral diseases: recent advances and future perspectives

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