The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are associated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in fish cells
Abstract
TiO(2) nanoparticles (< 100 nm diameter) have been reported to cause oxidative stress related effects, including inflammation, cytotoxicity and genomic instability, either alone or in the presence of UVA irradiation in mammalian studies. Despite the fact that the aquatic environment is often the ultimate recipient of all contaminants there is a paucity of data pertaining to the potential detrimental effects of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. Therefore, these investigations aimed to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TiO(2) nanoparticles on goldfish skin cells (GFSk-S1), either alone or in combination with UVA. Whilst neutral red retention (NRR) assay (a measure of lysosomal membrane integrity) was used to evaluate cell viability, a modified Comet assay using bacterial lesion-specific repair endonucleases (Endo-III, Fpg) was employed to specifically target oxidative DNA damage. Additionally, electron spin resonance (ESR) studies with different spin traps were carried out for qualitative analysis of free radical generation. For cell viability, TiO(2) alone (0.1-1000 microg ml(-1)) had little effect whereas co-exposure with UVA (0.5-2.0 kJm(-2)) caused a significant dose-dependent decrease which was dependent on both the concentration of TiO(2) and the dose of UVA administered. For the Comet assay, doses of 1, 10 and 100 microg ml(-1) in the absence of UVA caused elevated levels of Fpg-sensitive sites, indicating the oxidation of purine DNA bases (i.e. guanine) by TiO(2). UVA irradiation of TiO(2)-treated cells caused further increases in DNA damage. ESR studies revealed that the observed toxic effects of nanoparticulate TiO(2) were most likely due to hydroxyl radical (OH) formation.
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“• OH has been also proposed to explain the increased level of oxidatively generated damage to DNA measured as Fpgsensitive sites in the DNA of UVA-irradiated goldfish skin GFSk-S1 cells pretreated with TiO 2 nanoparticles (202).”
From Photoinduced Damage to Cellular DNA: Direct and Photosensitized Reactions† (2012) · cites this paper as [202]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reeves, J. F., Davies, S. J., Dodd, N. J. F., & Jha, A. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jha, Awadhesh N.
- Venue
- Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 640
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 113-122
- ISSN
- 0027-5107 (ISSN-L)
- 1386-1964
- OpenAlex
- W1964529114
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 11.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Keywords
- titanium dioxide nanoparticles, hydroxyl radicals, cytotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage, UVA irradiation, genotoxicity, lysosomal membrane integrity, aquatic organisms, nanoparticle toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, DNA Damage, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Goldfish, Oxidation-Reduction, Titanium, Ultraviolet Rays, Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species, Hydroxyl Radical, Oxidative Stress, Comet Assay, Nanoparticles, Validation Studies as Topic
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