Carbon spheres

C60: Buckminsterfullerene

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Gold Nanoparticles: Assembly, Supramolecular Chemistry, Quantum-Size-Related Properties, and Applications toward Biology, Catalysis, and Nanotechnology

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Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes

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Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations and biological applications

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Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes

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Some aspects of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks and other carbons

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Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation

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Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Candle Soot

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Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites: Strength and Weakness

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Chemical Identification of Surface Groups

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A Formation Mechanism for Catalytically Grown Helix-Shaped Graphite Nanotubes

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Carbon Deposition in Steam Reforming and Methanation

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Carbons as supports for industrial precious metal catalysts

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Nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures and their composites as catalytic materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Shao, Y., Sui, J., Yin, G., & Gao, Y. (2008) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.09.047 · Cited by 763

Monodispersed hard carbon spherules with uniform nanopores

Wang, Q., Li, H., Chen, L., & Huang, X. (2001) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(01)00040-9 · Cited by 704

Production of granular activated carbon from fruit stones and nutshells and evaluation of their physical, chemical and adsorption properties

Aygün, A., Yenisoy‐Karakaş, S., & Duman, I. (2003) · Microporous and Mesoporous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2003.08.028 · Cited by 695

95/04670 Carbon black science and technology

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A DRIFTS study of the formation of surface groups on carbon by oxidation

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O2 Reduction on Graphite and Nitrogen-Doped Graphite: Experiment and Theory

Sidik, R. A., Anderson, A. B., Subramanian, N. P., Kumaraguru, S. P., & Popov, B. N. (2006) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp055150g · Cited by 627

Bacterial templating of ordered macrostructures in silica and silica-surfactant mesophases

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Surface Oxides of Carbon

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The formation of quasi-icosahedral spiral shell carbon particles

Kroto, H. W., & McKay, K. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/331328a0 · Cited by 536

Synthesis of carbon 'onions' in water

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Selective Attachment of Gold Nanoparticles to Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes

Jiang, K., Eitan, A., Schadler, L. S., Ajayan, P. M., Siegel, R. W., Grobert, N., Mayne–L'Hermite, M., Reyes‐Reyes, M., Terrones, H., & Terrones, M. (2003) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl025914t · Cited by 527

The formation of graphitizing carbons from the liquid phase

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Nitrogen Doping in Carbon Nanotubes

Ewels, C. P., & Glerup, M. (2005) · Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jnn.2005.304 · Cited by 497

Graphite and carbon powders for electrochemical applications

Wissler, M. (2006) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.064 · Cited by 463

Nitrogen-modified carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Subramanian, N. P., Li, X., Nallathambi, V., Kumaraguru, S. P., Colón-Mercado, H., Wu, G., Lee, J., & Popov, B. N. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.087 · Cited by 418

Growth of carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of CH4 or CO on a NiMgO catalyst

Chen, P., Zhang, H.-B., Lin, G.-D., Hong, Q., & Tsai, K. R. (1997) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00100-0 · Cited by 354

Nitrogen-containing carbon spheres with very large uniform mesopores: The superior electrode materials for EDLC in organic electrolyte

Li, W., Chen, D., Li, Z., Shi, Y., Wan, Y., Wang, G., Jiang, Z., & Zhao, D. (2007) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2007.05.004 · Cited by 338

Fluorination of carbon blacks: An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study: I. A literature review of XPS studies of fluorinated carbons. XPS investigation of some reference compounds

Nansé, G., Papirer, E., Fioux, P., Moguet, F., & Tressaud, A. (1997) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(96)00095-4 · Cited by 335

Carbon onions produced by heat treatment of carbon soot and their relation to the 217.5 nm interstellar absorption feature

de Heer, W. A., & Ugarte, D. (1993) · Chemical Physics Letters · doi:10.1016/0009-2614(93)89033-e · Cited by 318

Nano-Precision Replication of Natural Cellulosic Substances by Metal Oxides

Huang, J., & Kunitake, T. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja037419k · Cited by 308

Large-scale synthesis and characterization of carbon spheres prepared by direct pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

Jin, Y., Gao, C., Hsu, W. K., Zhu, Y., Huczko, A., Bystrzejewski, M., Roe, M. J., Lee, C. Y., Acquah, S. F. A., Kroto, H. W., et al. (2005) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.03.002 · Cited by 307

Nitrogen enriched mesoporous carbon spheres obtained by a facile method and its application for electrochemical capacitor

Li, W., Chen, D., Li, Z., Shi, Y., Wan, Y., Huang, J., Yang, J., Zhao, D., & Jiang, Z. (2006) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.027 · Cited by 268

Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods for the Controlled Preparation of Supported Catalytic Materials

Serp, P., Kalck, P., & Feurer, R. (2002) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9903508 · Cited by 257

The chemical reactivity of carbons

Donnet, J. B. (1968) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(68)90300-x · Cited by 235

Dichalcogenide Nanotube Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Dominko, R., Arčon, D., Mrzel, A., Zorko, A., Cevc, P., Venturini, P., Gaberšček, M., Remškar, M., & Mihailovic, D. (2002) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20021104)14:21 · Cited by 220

Is nitrogen important in the formulation of Fe-based catalysts for oxygen reduction in solid polymer fuel cells?

Lalande, G., Cote, R., Guay, D., Dodelet, J., Weng, L., & Bertrand, P. (1997) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(96)00361-1 · Cited by 212

Nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon nanoparticles as catalyst supports for efficient recovery and recycling

Yoon, H., Ko, S., & Jang, J. (2007) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b616660a · Cited by 212

A chemical vapour deposition process for the production of carbon nanospheres

Serp, P., Feurer, R., Kalck, P., Kihn, Y., Faria, J. L., & Figueiredo, J. L. (2001) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00324-9 · Cited by 206

Inorganic hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes in nanomedicine

Son, S. J., Bai, X., & Lee, S. B. (2007) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2007.06.002 · Cited by 205

Effect of Two-Stage Process on the Preparation and Characterization of Porous Carbon Composite from Rice Husk by Phosphoric Acid Activation

Kennedy, L. J., Vijaya, J. J., & SEKARAN, G. (2004) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie034093f · Cited by 205

Rational design of reinforced rubber

Kohls, D. J., & Beaucage, G. (2002) · Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science · doi:10.1016/s1359-0286(02)00073-6 · Cited by 203

Carbon materials for catalysis

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Morphosynthesis of complex inorganic forms using pollen grain templates

Hall, S. R., Bolger, H., & Mann, S. (2003) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b309877j · Cited by 201

Effect of the Pre-Treatment of Carbon Black Supports on the Activity of Fe-Based Electrocatalysts for the Reduction of Oxygen

Wang, H., Cote, R., Faubert, G., Guay, D., & Dodelet, J. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp9821735 · Cited by 197

Simple Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Hollow Graphitic Nanoparticles and their Application to Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Electrodes

Han, S. J., Yun, Y., Park, K., Sung, Y., & Hyeon, T. (2003) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200305697 · Cited by 184

Preparation of Monodisperse, Submicrometer Carbon Spheres by Pyrolysis of Melamine–Formaldehyde Resin

Friedel, B., & Greulich‐Weber, S. (2006) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200500516 · Cited by 177

Non-catalytic CVD preparation of carbon spheres with a specific size

Qian, H., Han, F.-M., Zhang, B., Guo, Y., Yue, J., & Peng, B. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.004 · Cited by 169

Study on solid lubricant properties of carbon onions produced by heat treatment of diamond clusters or particles

Hirata, A., Igarashi, M., & Kaito, T. (2004) · Tribology International · doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2004.07.006 · Cited by 167

Synthesis and Applications of Palladium-Coated Poly(vinylpyridine) Nanospheres

Pathak, S., Greci, M. T., Kwong, R. C., Mercado, K., Prakash, G. K. S., Olah, G. A., & Thompson, M. E. (2000) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm0001556 · Cited by 157

Carbon spherules: synthesis, properties and mechanistic elucidation

Pol, V. G., Motiei, M., Gedanken, A., Calderón-Moreno, J. M., & Yoshimura, M. (2003) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2003.10.005 · Cited by 155

Efficient Anchoring of Silver Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes

Zamudio‐Ojeda, A., Elías, A. L., Rodríguez‐Manzo, J. A., Lopéz‐Urías, F., Rodríguez‐Gattorno, G., Lupo, F., Rühle, M., Smith, D. J., Terrones, H., Díaz, D., et al. (2006) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200500348 · Cited by 154

Synthesis and properties of carbon nanospheres grown by CVD using Kaolin supported transition metal catalysts

Miao, J.-Y., Hwang, D. W., Narasimhulu, K. V., Lin, P.-I., Chen, Y., Lin, S. H., & Hwang, L. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.053 · Cited by 150

Hollow carbon spheres with a controllable shell structure

Su, F., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., & Lee, J. Y. (2006) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b609971h · Cited by 149

Hollow carbon spheres with wide size distribution as anode catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells

Wen, Z., Wang, Q., Zhang, Q. J., & Li, J. (2007) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.04.016 · Cited by 148

Characterisation of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) as active electrode material in lithium and sodium cells

Alcántara, R., Madrigal, F. J. F., Lavela, P., Tirado, J. L., Mateos, J. M. J., de Salazar, C. G., Stoyanova, R. K., & Zhecheva, E. N. (2000) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(99)00215-8 · Cited by 144

Mechanical stability enhancement by pore size and connectivity control in colloidal crystals by layer-by-layer growth of oxide

Míguez, H., Tétreault, N., Hatton, B. D., Yang, S. M., Perovic, D. D., & Ozin, G. A. (2002) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b208805n · Cited by 140

New method of carbon onion growth by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Chen, X. H., Deng, F. M., Wang, J. X., Yang, H., Wu, G., Zhang, X., Peng, J., & Li, W. (2001) · Chemical Physics Letters · doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00085-9 · Cited by 138

XPS Study of the halogenation of carbon black-part 1. Bromination

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Effects of pre-carbonization on porosity development of activated carbons from rice straw

Yun, C. H., Park, Y. H., & Park, C. R. (2001) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00163-9 · Cited by 130

Theoretical study of burning carbon particles

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Pairing of Pentagonal and Heptagonal Carbon Rings in the Growth of Nanosize Carbon Spheres Synthesized by a Mixed-Valent Oxide-Catalytic Carbonization Process

Wang, Z. L., & Kang, Z. C. (1996) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jp962762f · Cited by 128

Preparation of monodisperse carbon nanospheres for electrochemical capacitors

Yuan, D., Chen, J., Zeng, J., & Tan, S. (2008) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.015 · Cited by 128

Carbon: An old but new material revisited

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Arrested Coalescence of Particle-coated Droplets into Nonspherical Supracolloidal Structures

Studart, A. R., Shum, H. C., & Weitz, D. A. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp806795c · Cited by 122

Multigram‐Scale Fabrication of Monodisperse Conducting Polymer and Magnetic Carbon Nanoparticles

Jang, J., & Yoon, H. (2005) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200500237 · Cited by 121

Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions from Burning Church Candles

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Improved performance of Pd electrocatalyst supported on ultrahigh surface area hollow carbon spheres for direct alcohol fuel cells

Hu, F., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Li, C. M., Zhang, X., & Shen, P. K. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.11.024 · Cited by 120

Grafting Poly(n-butyl acrylate) from a Functionalized Carbon Black Surface by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Liu, T., Jia, S., Kowalewski, T., Matyjaszewski, K. A., Casado‐Portilla, R., & Belmont, J. A. (2003) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la034219d · Cited by 117

Direct synthesis of uniform hollow carbon spheres by a self-assembly template approachElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM pictures of the products from simple mixing. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b205723a/

Hu, G., Ma, D., Cheng, M., Liu, L., & Bao, X. (2002) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b205723a · Cited by 116

Preparing Carbon Nanotubes and Nested Fullerenes from Supercritical CO2 by a Chemical Reaction

Motiei, M., Hacohen, Y. R., Calderón-Moreno, J. M., & Gedanken, A. (2001) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja015859a · Cited by 114

Methanol electro-oxidation on mesocarbon microbead supported Pt catalysts

Liu, Y. C., Qiu, X., Huang, Y. Q., & Zhu, W. (2002) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00115-x · Cited by 108

Shape Evolution of New-Phased Lepidocrocite VOOH from Single-Shelled to Double-Shelled Hollow Nanospheres on the Basis of Programmed Reaction-Temperature Strategy

Wu, C., Zhang, X., Ning, B., Yang, J., & Xie, Y. (2009) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ic900416v · Cited by 105

On Accretion of Nanosize Carbon Spheres

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The impact of a fullerene-like concept in carbon black science

Cataldo, F. (2002) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(01)00167-1 · Cited by 102

A novel form of carbon micro-balls from coal

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Template synthesis of composite hollow spheres using sulfonated polystyrene hollow spheres

Ding, S., Zhang, C., Yang, M. R., Qu, X., Lu, Y., & Yang, Z. (2006) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.10.001 · Cited by 100

Spongy carbon nanobeads—A new material

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A novel route to hollow and solid carbon spheres

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Improving conditions towards isolating single-shell carbon nanotubes

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Prospects and research progress in nano onion-like fullerenes

Xu, B. (2008) · New Carbon Materials · doi:10.1016/s1872-5805(09)60001-9 · Cited by 98

Carbon disc of high density and strength prepared from synthetic pitch-derived mesocarbon microbeads

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Diamond Formation by Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Low Temperatures

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A medial-reduction route to hollow carbon spheres

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Tinting strength of carbon black

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Infrared analysis of carbon blacks

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Spectroelectrochemical Study of the Role Played by Carbon Functionality in Fuel Cell Electrodes

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Catalytic growth of carbon nanoballs with and without cobalt encapsulation

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High temperature annealing effects on carbon spheres and their applications as anode materials in Li-ion secondary battery

Jin, Y., Kim, Y. J., Gao, C., Zhu, Y., Huczko, A., Endo, M., & Kroto, H. W. (2005) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.09.018 · Cited by 88

Mechanisms of carbon black formation. Correlation with the morphology of aggregates

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Oxidative degradation of carbon blacks with nitric acid

Kamegawa, K., Nishikubo, K., Kodama, M., Adachi, Y., & Yoshida, H. (2002) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(01)00310-4 · Cited by 83

A chemical route from PTFE to amorphous carbon nanospheres in supercritical water

Yang, X., Li, C., Wang, W., Yang, B., Zhang, S., & Qian, Y. (2004) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b313733c · Cited by 81

Discussion of the formation of nanometric texture in spherical carbon bodies

Inagaki, M. (1997) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)86645-6 · Cited by 81

High yield one-step synthesis of carbon spheres produced by dissociating individual hydrocarbons at their autogenic pressure at low temperatures

Pol, V. G., Pol, S. V., Moreno, J. M. C., & Gedanken, A. (2006) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.06.023 · Cited by 79

Preparation of activated carbon microspheres from phenolic-resin by supercritical water activation

Cai, Q., Huang, Z., Kang, F., & Yang, J. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.042 · Cited by 78

CVD synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes using ferrocene/aniline mixtures

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Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nano-necklaces by thermal plasma process

Okuno, H., Grivei, E., Fabry, F., Gruenberger, T. M., González‐Aguilar, J., Palnichenko, A. V., Fulcheri, L., Probst, N., & Charlier, J. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.05.037 · Cited by 75

Facile fabrication of polymer and carbon nanocapsules using polypyrrole core/shell nanomaterialsElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: Experimental details for the synthesis and carbonization of PPy nanocapsules, instrumentation, XRD pattern and Raman spectrum. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b316881f/

Jang, J., Li, X. L., & Oh, J. H. (2004) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b316881f · Cited by 74

Oxidative degradation of carbon blacks with nitric acid (I)—Changes in pore and crystallographic structures

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Hierachical Porous Carbon Structures from Cellulose Acetate Fibers

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The use of organometallic transition metal complexes in the synthesis of shaped carbon nanomaterials

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Surface morphology and chemistry of commercial carbon black and carbon black from vacuum pyrolysis of used tyres

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Necklace-like Hollow Carbon Nanospheres from the Pentagon-Including Reactants: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties

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Microelectrode-based characterization systems for advanced materials in battery and sensor applications

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Hollow spherical carbon with mesoporous shell as a superb anode catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Kim, J. H., Fang, B., Kim, M., & Yu, J. (2009) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2009.02.013 · Cited by 70

A novel approach to carbon hollow spheres and vessels from CCl4 at low temperaturesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: mass and GC spectra. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b211996j/

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