Molecular-based design and emerging applications of nanoporous carbon spheres

Liu, Jian; Wickramaratne, Nilantha P.; Qiao, Shi Zhang; Jaroniec, Mietek

doi:10.1038/nmat4317

Cited by 954Mesoporous Materials and CatalysisSupercapacitor Materials and FabricationChemical and Physical Properties of Materials

Molecular-based design and emerging applications of nanoporous carbon spheres

Liu, Jian, Wickramaratne, Nilantha P., Qiao, Shi Zhang, Jaroniec, Mietek·2015·Nature Materials

DOI 10.1038/nmat4317

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the synthesis and applications of nanoporous carbon spheres ranging in size from nanometres to micrometres. This Review presents the primary techniques for preparing nanoporous carbon spheres and the seminal research that has inspired their development, presented potential applications and uncovered future challenges. First we provide an overview of the synthesis techniques, including the Stöber method and those based on templating, self-assembly, emulsion and hydrothermal carbonization, with special emphasis on the design and functionalization of nanoporous carbon spheres at the molecular level. Next, we cover the key applications of these spheres, including adsorption, catalysis, separation, energy storage and biomedicine — all of which might benefit from the regular geometry, good liquidity, tunable porosity and controllable particle-size distribution offered by nanoporous carbon spheres. Finally, we present the current challenges and opportunities in the development and commercial applications of nanoporous carbon spheres.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nmat4317

Cites

101 of 101 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Ordered porous materials exhibit periodically aligned structures and uniform cavities with sizes ranging from micro- (<2 nm), to meso- (2-50 nm), to macropores (>50 nm).
“This group of materials exhibits periodically aligned structures and uniform cavities with sizes ranging from micro- (<2 nm), to meso- (2–50 nm), to macropores (>50 nm) [130], which lead to very high surface areas (up to 1500 m2/g) [131].”
From Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications (2017) · cites this paper as [130]

Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices
Aricò, A. S., Bruce, P. G., Scrosati, B., Tarascon, J., & van Schalkwijk, W. (2005) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1368 · Cited by 8,816 · see citing works
Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes
Zhang, L., & Zhao, X. (2009) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/b813846j · Cited by 7,487 · see citing works
Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials
Balandin, A. A. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3064 · Cited by 6,244 · see citing works
Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage
Zhai, Y., Dou, Y., Zhao, D., Fulvio, P. F., Mayes, R. T., & Dai, S. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201100984 · Cited by 2,964 · see citing works
Synthesis of Highly Ordered Carbon Molecular Sieves via Template-Mediated Structural Transformation
Ryoo, R., Joo, S. H., & Jun, S. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp991673a · Cited by 2,453 · see citing works
A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes.
Liu, N., Lu, Z.-D., Zhao, J., Mcdowell, M., Lee, H.-W., Zhao, W.-T., & Cui, Y. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.6 · Cited by 2,294 · see citing works
Colloidal Carbon Spheres and Their Core/Shell Structures with Noble‐Metal Nanoparticles
Sun, X., & Li, Y. (2004) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200352386 · Cited by 2,199 · see citing works
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials
Lee, J., Kim, J., & Hyeon, T. (2006) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200501576 · Cited by 2,127 · see citing works
Mesoporous carbon materials: Synthesis and modification
Liang, C., Li, Z., & Dai, S. (2008) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200702046 · Cited by 1,935 · see citing works
Porous Hollow Carbon@Sulfur Composites for High‐Power Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Jayaprakash, N., Shen, J., Moganty, S. S., Corona, A., & Archer, L. A. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201100637 · Cited by 1,812 · see citing works
Engineering carbon materials from the hydrothermal carbonization process of biomass
Hu, B., Wang, K., Wu, L., Yu, S., Antonietti, M., & Titirici, M. (2010) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200902812 · Cited by 1,765 · see citing works
Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes
Zheng, G. W., Lee, S. W., Liang, Z., Lee, H., Yan, K., Yao, H., Wang, H., Li, W., Chu, S., & Cui, Y. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.152 · Cited by 1,764 · see citing works
Design of polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical delivery applications
Elsabahy, M., & Wooley, K. L. (2012) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c2cs15327k · Cited by 1,717 · see citing works
A facile soft-template synthesis of mesoporous polymeric and carbonaceous nanospheres
Liu, J., Yang, T., Wang, D., Lu, G. Q., Zhao, D., & Qiao, S. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3798 · Cited by 1,571 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ordered Mesoporous Polymers and Homologous Carbon Frameworks: Amphiphilic Surfactant Templating and Direct Transformation
Meng, Y., Gu, D., Zhang, F., Shi, Y., Yang, H., Li, Z., Yu, C., Tu, B., & Zhao, D. (2005) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200501561 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
Ordered Mesoporous Polymers and Homologous Carbon Frameworks: Amphiphilic Surfactant Templating and Direct Transformation
Meng, Y., Gu, D., Zhang, F., Shi, Y., Yang, H., Li, Z., Yu, C., Tu, B., & Zhao, D. (2005) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.200501561 · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
Spherical Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles with High Porosity for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Schuster, J., He, G., Mandlmeier, B., et al. (2012) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201107817 · Cited by 1,117 · see citing works
Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Superior Rate Capability for Sodium‐Based Batteries
Tang, K., Fu, L., White, R. J., Yu, L., Titirici, M., Antonietti, M., & Maier, J. (2012) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201100691 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Nanostructured high-energy cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries
Sun, Y., Chen, Z., Noh, H.-J., Lee, D., Jung, H., Ren, Y., Wang, S., Yoon, C. S., Myung, S., & Amine, K. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3435 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials as non-metal electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Zhao, Y., Nakamura, R., Kamiya, K., Nakanishi, S., & Hashimoto, K. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3390 · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
Tin‐Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Elastic Hollow Carbon Spheres for High‐Performance Anode Material in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Zhang, W., Hu, J., Guo, Y., Zheng, S., Zhong, L., Song, W., & Wan, L. (2008) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200701364 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Nitrogen-containing microporous carbon nanospheres with improved capacitive properties
Su, F., Poh, C. K., Chen, J. S., Xu, G., Wang, D., Li, Q., Lin, J., & Lou, X. W. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c0ee00277a · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Sp2 C‐Dominant N‐Doped Carbon Sub‐micrometer Spheres with a Tunable Size: A Versatile Platform for Highly Efficient Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysts
Ai, K., Liu, Y., Ruan, C., Lu, L., & Lu, G. Q. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201203923 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Extension of The Stöber Method to the Preparation of Monodisperse Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Resin Polymer and Carbon Spheres
Liu, J., Qiao, S., Liu, H., Chen, J., Orpe, A., Zhao, D., & Lu, G. Q. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201102011 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Self-citation
Synthesis of a large-scale highly ordered porous carbon film by self-assembly of block copolymers
Liang, C., Hong, K., Guiochon, G. A., Mays, J. W., & Dai, S. (2004) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200461051 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Dopamine as a Carbon Source: The Controlled Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Spheres and Yolk‐Structured Carbon Nanocomposites
Liu, R., Mahurin, S. M., Li, C., Unocic, R. R., Idrobo, J. C., Gao, H., Pennycook, S. J., & Dai, S. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201102070 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
A Low‐Concentration Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biocompatible Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres with Tunable and Uniform Size
Fang, Y., Gu, D., Zou, Y. L., Wu, Z., Li, F., Che, R., Deng, Y., Tu, B., & Zhao, D. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201002849 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres with extra-large pores through assembly of diblock copolymer micelles
Tang, J., Liu, J., Li, C., Li, Y., Tade, M. O., Dai, S., & Yamauchi, Y. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201407629 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chemically tailorable colloidal particles from infinite coordination polymers
Oh, M., & Mirkin, C. A. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04191 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
A Highly Ordered Meso@Microporous Carbon-Supported Sulfur@Smaller Sulfur Core–Shell Structured Cathode for Li–S Batteries
Li, Z., Jiang, Y. L., Yuan, L., Yi, Z., Wu, C., Liu, Y., Strasser, P., & Huang, Y. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn503220h · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Nitrogen Enriched Porous Carbon Spheres: Attractive Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes and CO 2 Adsorption
Wickramaratne, N. P., Xu, J., Wang, M., Zhu, L., Dai, L., & Jaroniec, M. (2014) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm5001895 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Self-citation
Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons with channel structure from an organic–organic nanocomposite
Tanaka, S., Nishiyama, N., Egashira, Y., & Ueyama, K. (2005) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b501259g · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Tailoring Porosity in Carbon Nanospheres for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathodes
He, G., Evers, S., Liang, X. M., et al. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn404439r · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Activated Carbon Spheres for CO 2 Adsorption
Wickramaratne, N. P., & Jaroniec, M. (2013) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am400112m · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citation
Supramolecular Aggregates as Templates: Ordered Mesoporous Polymers and Carbons
Wan, Y., Shi, Y., & Zhao, D. (2007) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm7024125 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Importance of small micropores in CO <sub>2</sub> capture by phenolic resin-based activated carbon spheres
Wickramaratne, N. P., & Jaroniec, M. (2013) · J. Mater. Chem. A · doi:10.1039/c2ta00388k · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citation
Polydopamine-Coated, Nitrogen-Doped, Hollow Carbon–Sulfur Double-Layered Core–Shell Structure for Improving Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Zhou, W., Xiao, X., Cai, M., et al. (2014) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl502238b · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Polydopamine Spheres as Active Templates for Convenient Synthesis of Various Nanostructures
Yan, J. W., Yang, L., Lin, M., Ma, J., Lu, X., & Lee, P. S. (2012) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201201064 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Carbon spheres
Deshmukh, A. A., Mhlanga, S. D., & Coville, N. J. (2010) · Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2010.06.017 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Mesoporous Graphene Nanoballs for Supercapacitor
Lee, J., Kim, S., Yoon, J., & Jang, J. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn401850z · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Carbon nanospheres: synthesis, physicochemical properties and applications
Nieto‐Marquéz, A., Romero, R., Romero, A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c0jm01350a · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanospheres as an Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cells
Su, F., Tian, Z., Poh, C. K., Wang, Z., Lim, S. H., Liu, Z., & Lin, J. (2009) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm901542w · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Structurally Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles as Transmembrane Delivery Vehicle in Human Cancer Cells
Kim, T.-W., Chung, P., Slowing, I. I., et al. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl801976m · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Functional Hollow Carbon Nanospheres by Latex Templating
White, R. J., Tauer, K., Antonietti, M., & Titirici, M. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja107697s · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Controlled Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nanostructures via a “Silica-Assisted” Strategy
Qiao, Z., Guo, B., Binder, A., Chen, J., Veith, G. M., & Dai, S. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl303889h · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Temperature-Programmed Precise Control over the Sizes of Carbon Nanospheres Based on Benzoxazine Chemistry
Wang, S., Li, W., Hao, G., Hao, Y., Sun, Q., Zhang, X., & Lu, A. (2011) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja206333w · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Composite of sulfur impregnated in porous hollow carbon spheres as the cathode of Li-S batteries with high performance
Zhang, K., Zhao, Q. X., Tao, Z., et al. (2012) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-012-0279-1 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Nitrogen modification of highly porous carbon for improved supercapacitor performance
Candelaria, S. L., Garcia, B. B., Liu, D., et al. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2jm30923h · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Organic Aerogels with Very High Impact Strength
Tan, C., Fung, B. M., Newman, J., & Vu, C. (2001) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:9 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres for CO 2 capture
Feng, S., Li, W., Shi, Q., Li, Y., Chen, J., Ling, Y., Asiri, A. M., & Zhao, D. (2013) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c3cc46492j · Cited by 228 · see citing works
One-step synthesis of silica@resorcinol–formaldehyde spheres and their application for the fabrication of polymer and carbon capsules
Fuertes, A. B., Valle‐Vigón, P., & Sevilla, M. (2012) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c2cc32552g · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Gold Nanoparticle–Colloidal Carbon Nanosphere Hybrid Material: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for an Amplified Electrochemical Immunoassay
Cui, R., Liu, C., Shen, J., et al. (2008) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200701340 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Colloidal RBC‐Shaped, Hydrophilic, and Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanocapsules for Highly Efficient Biomedical Engineering
Chen, Y., Xu, P., Wu, M., Meng, Q., Chen, H., Shu, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Li, Y., & Shi, J. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201400303 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Dual-pore mesoporous carbon@silica composite core-shell nanospheres for multidrug delivery
Fang, Y., Zheng, G., Yang, J., Tang, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, B., Lv, Y., Xu, C., Asiri, A. M., Zi, J., et al. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201402002 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Hydrothermal Carbons from Hemicellulose‐Derived Aqueous Hydrolysis Products as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Falco, C., Sieben, J. M., Brun, N., Sevilla, M., van der Mauelen, T., Morallón, E., Cazorla‐Amorós, D., & Titirici, M. (2013) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201200817 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
A one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of tunable dual heteroatom-doped carbon microspheres
Wohlgemuth, S.-A., Vilela, F., Titirici, M., & Antonietti, M. (2012) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2gc16415a · Cited by 188 · see citing works
A Template-Free and Surfactant-Free Method for High-Yield Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse 3-Aminophenol–Formaldehyde Resin and Carbon Nano/Microspheres
Zhao, J., Niu, W., Zhang, L., Cai, H., Han, M., Yuan, Y., Majeed, S., Anjum, S., & Xu, G. (2012) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma302119t · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Easy Synthesis of Hollow Polymer, Carbon, and Graphitized Microspheres
Lu, A., Li, W., Hao, G., et al. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200906445 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Preparation of Monodisperse, Submicrometer Carbon Spheres by Pyrolysis of Melamine–Formaldehyde Resin
Friedel, B., & Greulich‐Weber, S. (2006) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200500516 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Precisely controlled resorcinol–formaldehyde resin coating for fabricating core–shell, hollow, and yolk–shell carbon nanostructures
Fang, X., Liu, S., Zang, J., Xu, C., Zheng, M., Dong, Q., Sun, D., & Zheng, N. (2013) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c3nr01723k · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Sol–gel coating of inorganic nanostructures with resorcinol–formaldehyde resin
Li, N., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Joo, J.-B., Austin, L., Gan, Y., & Yin, Y. (2013) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c3cc41456f · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nanocomposite of MoS2 on ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres: A highly active catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Bian, X., Zhu, J., Liao, L., Scanlon, M. D., Ge, P., Ji, C., Girault, H. H., & Liu, B. (2012) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2012.06.009 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
A versatile cooperative template-directed coating method to construct uniform microporous carbon shells for multifunctional core–shell nanocomposites
Guan, B., Wang, X., Xiao, Y., Liu, Y., & Huo, Q. (2013) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c3nr34041d · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Hydrothermal Syntheses of Colloidal Carbon Spheres from Cyclodextrins
Shin, Y., Wang, L., Bae, I., Arey, B. W., & Exarhos, G. J. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp801343y · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Hydrothermal carbon spheres containing silicon nanoparticles: synthesis and lithium storage performance
Demir‐Cakan, R., Titirici, M., Antonietti, M., Cui, G., Maier, J., & Hu, Y. (2008) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b805671b · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Easy synthesis of hollow core, bimodal mesoporous shell carbon nanospheres and their application in supercapacitor
You, B., Yang, J., Sun, Y., & Su, Q. (2011) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c1cc15348j · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Facile preparation and ultra-microporous structure of melamine–resorcinol–formaldehyde polymeric microspheres
Zhou, H., Xu, S. Z., Su, H., et al. (2013) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c3cc41109e · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Can Carbon Spheres Be Created through the Stöber Method?
Lu, A., Hao, G., & Sun, Q. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201103514 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
New opportunities in Stöber synthesis: preparation of microporous and mesoporous carbon spheres
Choma, J., Jamioła, D., Augustynek, K., Marszewski, M., Gao, M., & Jaroniec, M. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2jm31678a · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citation
Facile Fabrication of Core–Shell‐Structured Ag@Carbon and Mesoporous Yolk–Shell‐Structured Ag@Carbon@Silica by an Extended Stöber Method
Yang, T., Liu, J., Zheng, Y., Monteiro, M. J., & Qiao, S. (2013) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201300523 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Aqueous Emulsion Route to Synthesize Mesoporous Carbon Vesicles and Their Nanocomposites
Gu, D., Bongard, H., Deng, Y., et al. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200902550 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Chemical Synthesis of Carbon Materials With Intriguing Nanostructure and Morphology
Lu, A., Hao, G., Sun, Q., Zhang, X., & Li, W. (2012) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201100606 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Hydrophilic mesoporous carbon nanoparticles as carriers for sustained release of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs
Gu, J., Su, S., Li, Y., He, Q., & Shi, J. (2010) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c0cc04598e · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Hollow Carbon Nanoparticles of Tunable Size and Wall Thickness by Hydrothermal Treatment of α-Cyclodextrin Templated by F127 Block Copolymers
Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Kong, J., et al. (2013) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm303513y · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Iron catalysts supported on N-doped carbon spheres prepared by chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal approaches
Xiong, H., Moyo, M., Motchelaho, M. A. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2013.11.007 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Thin-walled, mesoporous and nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres using ionic liquids as precursors
Chen, A., Yu, Y., Lv, H., et al. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c2ta01013e · Cited by 108 · see citing works
One-step synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbonaceous spheres by an aerosol-assisted self-assembly
Yan, Y., Zhang, F., Meng, Y., et al. (2007) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b702232h · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Therapeutic applications of low-toxicity spherical nanocarbon materials
Wang, J., Hu, Z., Xu, J., et al. (2014) · NPG Asia Materials · doi:10.1038/am.2013.79 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Highly Monodisperse Microporous Polymeric and Carbonaceous Nanospheres with Multifunctional Properties
Ouyang, Y., Shi, H., Fu, R., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01430 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Carbon Capsules by Carbonization of Organosilica Nanospheres
Valle‐Vigón, P., Sevilla, M., & Fuertes, A. B. (2010) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm100190a · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Direct Synthesis of Shaped Carbon Nanoparticles with Ordered Cubic Mesostructure
Wang, Z., Li, F., & Stein, A. (2007) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl072068j · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Recent developments in fabrication and applications of colloid based composite particles
Agrawal, M., Gupta, S., & Stamm, M. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c0jm02631j · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A General “Surface‐Locking” Approach toward Fast Assembly and Processing of Large‐Sized, Ordered, Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres
Wu, Z., Wu, W. D., Liu, W., Selomulya, C., Chen, X. D., & Zhao, D. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201307608 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
General Synthesis of Discrete Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres through a Confined Self-Assembly Process in Inverse Opals
Sun, Z., Liu, Y., Li, B., et al. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn402994m · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Weak Acid–Base Interaction Induced Assembly for the Synthesis of Diverse Hollow Nanospheres
Wang, G., Sun, Q., Zhang, R., et al. (2011) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm2018168 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
An Experimental Investigation of the Ion Storage/Transfer Behavior in an Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor by Using Monodisperse Carbon Spheres with Microporous Structure
Tanaka, S., Nakao, H., Mukai, T., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp308415s · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Uniform hierarchical MoO2/carbon spheres with high cycling performance for lithium ion batteries
Zhang, H., Wu, T., Wang, K., et al. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta12566a · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Synthesis and Characterization of Core‐Shell Selenium/Carbon Colloids and Hollow Carbon Capsules
Yu, J. C., Hu, X., Li, Q., Zheng, Z. G., & Xu, Y. (2005) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.200500523 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sulfonated hollow sphere carbon as an efficient catalyst for acetalisation of glycerol
Wang, L., Zhang, J., Yang, S., Sun, Q., Zhu, L., Wu, Q., Zhang, H., Meng, X., & Xiao, F. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta10956a · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A Yolk–Shell Fe3O4@C Composite as an Anode Material for High‐Rate Lithium Batteries
Zhao, Y. D., Li, J., Wu, C., et al. (2012) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.201200134 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A seeded synthetic strategy for uniform polymer and carbon nanospheres with tunable sizes for high performance electrochemical energy storage
Qian, J., Liu, M., Gan, L., et al. (2013) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c3cc41113c · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ultrafast Hydrothermal Synthesis of High Quality Magnetic Core Phenol–Formaldehyde Shell Composite Microspheres Using the Microwave Method
You, L., Xu, S., Ma, W., Li, D., Zhang, Y., Guo, J., Hu, J. J., & Wang, C. (2012) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la3023562 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cobalt monoxide-doped porous graphitic carbon microspheres for supercapacitor application
Yang, Z., Tang, C., Zhang, Y., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02925 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cysteine-Assisted Tailoring of Adsorption Properties and Particle Size of Polymer and Carbon Spheres
Wickramaratne, N. P., Perera, V. S., Ralph, J. M., Huang, S. D., & Jaroniec, M. (2013) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la400408b · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cobalt–Carbon Spheres: Pyrolysis of Dicobalthexacarbonyl‐Functionalized Poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene)s
Scholz, S., Leech, P. J., Englert, B. C., et al. (2005) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200401810 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Preparation of Mo-Embedded Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres for Friedel–Crafts Alkylation
Dou, J., & Zeng, H. C. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp211718w · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Tailoring microporosity and nitrogen content in carbons for achieving high uptake of CO2 at ambient conditions
Wickramaratne, N. P., & Jaroniec, M. (2013) · Adsorption · doi:10.1007/s10450-013-9572-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Synthesis of Multifunctional Ag@Au@Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Particles Loaded with Folic Acids for Photothermal Therapy
Yang, P. H., Xu, Q., Jin, S., et al. (2012) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201201173 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Carbon–gold core–shell structures: formation of shells consisting of gold nanoparticles
Choma, J., Jamioła, D., Augustynek, K., et al. (2012) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c2cc30372h · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Facile synthesis of polymer and carbon spheres decorated with highly dispersed metal nanoparticles
Wickramaratne, N. P., & Jaroniec, M. (2014) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c4cc05271d · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preparation of Ni-doped carbon nanospheres with different surface chemistry and controlled pore structure
Zubizarreta, L., Arenillas, A., & Pis, J. J. (2007) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.12.025 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications
Feng, H., Lu, X., Wang, W., Kang, N.-G., & Mays, J. (2017) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym9100494 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
“This group of materials exhibits periodically aligned structures and uniform cavities with sizes ranging from micro- (<2 nm), to meso- (2–50 nm), to macropores (>50 nm) [130], which lead to very high surface areas (up to 1500 m2/g) [131].”
Background
Confining Sub‐Nanometer Pt Clusters in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Wan, X., Wu, H. B., Guan, B. Y., Luan, D., & Lou, X. W. (. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201901349 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Unlocking Efficiency: Minimizing Energy Loss in Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Li, W., Liu, Y., Azam, A., Liu, Y., Yang, J., Wang, D., Sorrell, C. C., Zhao, C., & Li, S. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202404658 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Nanoporous Metal Template Methods
Qin, K. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9783527822089.ch3
Formation of Nanoporous Structure on Pt Plate Surface by Alloying/Dealloying Technique
Hakamada, M., Chino, Y., & Mabuchi, M. (2011) · Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials · doi:10.2320/jinstmet.75.42 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Addition of water hyacinth and attapulgite during hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: Migration behavior of heavy metals and fuel characteristics of hydrochar
Qi, X., Ma, X., Yu, Z., Lu, X., Liang, S., & Teng, W. (2022) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.108857 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Nanoporous alumina : fabrication, structure, properties and applications
Lošić, D., & Santos, A. (2015) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20334-8 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Analysis of Carbonization Behavior of Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignin and Development of a Prediction Model for Carbonization Degree Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy(열수 탄화 공정을 거친 리그닌 하이드로차(hydrochar)의 탄화 거동 분석과 근적외선 분광법을 이용한 예측 모델 개발)
Hwang, U. T., Bae, J., Lee, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

Authors: Liu, J., Wickramaratne, N. P., Qiao, S. Z., & Jaroniec, M.
Affiliations: Curtin University (AU)
Kent State University (US)
The University of Adelaide (AU)
Corresponding author: Jaroniec, Mietek
ORCID: Liu, Jian
Qiao, Shi Zhang
Jaroniec, Mietek
Venue: Nature Materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-07-23
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
Pages: 763-774
ISSN: 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
1476-4660
DOI: 10.1038/nmat4317
OpenAlex: W1916624321
Cited by: 954
References: 101
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 127 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 16
FWCI: 5.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Curtin University of Technology
Australian Research Council
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
Keywords: molecular design, Stöber method, templating, self-assembly, hydrothermal carbonization, functionalization, adsorption, catalysis, separation, energy storage, biomedical applications

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Molecular-based design and emerging applications of nanoporous carbon spheres

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks