Adverse effects of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure on biological parameters of the developing brainstem
Open accessAbstract
We aimed to study the consequences of chronic exposure to tobacco smoke in utero on the morphological and functional maturation of the brainstem by comparing stillbirths of smoker mothers versus nonsmoker mothers. A total of 42 stillbirths, aged 25-40 gestational weeks, underwent autopsy according to our guidelines (). The brainstem was studied on serial sections and by immunohistochemistry to assay the expression of the EN2 gene, somatostatin (SS) and the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme (TH). We observed a significant correlation between maternal smoking and sudden intrauterine unexplained death (SIUD), hypoplasia of the ArcN, no immunostaining of the EN2 in the arcuate nucleus (ArcN), and of TH in the locus coeruleus (LC) (P < 0.05). An increased incidence of maternal smoking was also observed in fetuses with SS negativity in the hypoglossus nucleus (HypoglN). Exposure in utero to maternal smoking may strongly interfere with brain biological parameters, giving rise not only to structural developmental abnormalities of the arcuate nucleus, but also to a decrease of noradrenergic activity in the LC, of EN2 gene expression in the ArcN and of SS in the HypoglN.
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Maternal smoking is a major cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) which has often been attributed to dysfunction in the brainstem.
“Maternal smoking is a major cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) which has often been attributed to dysfunction in the brainstem [28–30].”
From Nicotine on the developing brain. (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
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Concluding Remarks on Sudden Infant and Perinatal Unexplained Death
Giulia Ottaviani, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08347-6_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Giulia Ottaviani, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08347-6_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Smoking in Children and Adolescents
Thomas, R. E. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp001021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Introduction to Sudden Infant and Perinatal Unexplained Death
Giulia Ottaviani, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08347-6_1
Mutemwa, M. (2012) · University of the Western Cape Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of the Western Cape)
Pathophysiology of the Unexplained Stillbirth
Lavezzi, A. M., & Piscioli, F. (2017) · Iranian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/ijp.55946
Self-citationLavezzi, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010027
Self-citation
- Authors
- Lavezzi, A. M., Ottaviani, G., & Matturri, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Lavezzi, Anna Maria
- ORCID
- Lavezzi, Anna Maria
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 601-607
- ISSN
- 0969-9961 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117803517
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (269/P/0085087)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Keywords
- prenatal tobacco exposure, maternal smoking, brainstem development, stillbirth, somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase, locus coeruleus, hypoglossal nucleus, noradrenergic activity
- MeSH terms
- Engrailed 2 Protein, Brain Stem, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Female, Fetal Death, Fetus, Humans, Hypoglossal Nerve, Immunohistochemistry, Locus Coeruleus, Medulla Oblongata, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nervous System Malformations, Norepinephrine, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Somatostatin, Nicotiana, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Homeodomain Proteins, Stillbirth
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