The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 157 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment resistant schizophrenia: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) refers to the significant proportion of schizophrenia patients who continue to have symptoms and poor outcomes despite treatment. While many definitions of TRS include failure of two different antipsychotics as a minimum criterion, the wide variability in inclusion criteria has challenged the consistency and reproducibility of results from studies of TRS. We begin by reviewing the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurobiological characteristics of TRS. We further review the current treatment strategies available, addressing clozapine, the first-line pharmacological agent for TRS, as well as pharmacological and nonpharmacological augmentation of clozapine including medication combinations, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and psychotherapies. We conclude by highlighting the most recent consensus for defining TRS proposed by the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group, and provide our overview of future perspectives and directions that could help advance the field of TRS research, including the concept of TRS as a potential subtype of schizophrenia.
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Cites
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Fernández‐Aranda, F., Treasure, J., Paslakis, G., Agüera, Z., Giménez, M., Granero, R., Sánchez, I., Serrano‐Troncoso, E., Gorwood, P., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., et al. (2021) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2822 · Cited by 99
Neural Circuitry of Salience and Reward Processing in Psychosis
Kesby, J. P., Murray, G. K., & Knolle, F. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.003 · Cited by 55
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nucifora, F. C., Woznica, E., Lee, B. J., Cascella, N., & Sawa, A.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 131
- Pages
- 104257
- ISSN
- 0969-9961 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2889058327
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 157
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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