Facilitating Students’ Critical Thinking, Metacognition and Problem-Solving Tendencies in Geriatric Nursing Class: A Mixed-Method Study
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to explore the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in geriatric nursing classes for the design of older adult activities to educate students on how to pose clear questions, provide and identify potentially suitable daily activities for older adults.Background Researchers in various educational fields are increasingly employing GenAI tools such as ChatGPT for curriculum development and research. Question generation is an essential skill for all students to learn to acquire knowledge. However, there is limited experimental evidence on teaching students to correctly use GenAI for assisting with question generation ability and empirical data related to improving students' capacity for solving complex problems remains scarce.Design A mixed-method study design with both quantitative and qualitative analysis.Methods This study investigated the effectiveness of a GenAI-guided prompt-based learning approach implemented in a geriatric nursing class for first-year undergraduate students, involving a cohort of 56 participants.Results Experimental results indicated that the GenAI-guided prompt-based learning approach significantly enhanced students' critical thinking, metacognition and problem-solving tendencies and their question generation via prompts performance. Moreover, participants who engaged in the GenAI-guided prompt-based learning approach found the tasks easier to complete and required less cognitive effort.Conclusions Nursing students using the GenAI-guided prompt-based learning approach outperformed the control group in cognitive network analysis dimensions of clarity, relevance, complexity, precision and engagement. Thus, integrating GenAI prompts into course activities can effectively improve student learning outcomes, reduce metacognitive load and assist in solving learning problems.
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A significant number of studies employed rubrics and performance-based assessments to evaluate CT in students' outputs, including essays, chatbot interactions, and project submissions.
“A significant number of studies employed rubrics and performance-based assessments to evaluate CT in students' outputs, including essays, chatbot interactions, and project submissions [75,76,78,87,88].”
From A Systematic Literature Review on the Pedagogical Implications and Impact of GenAI on Students' Critical Thinking (2026) · cites this paper as [87]
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- Authors
- Hwang, G.-J., Cheng, P.-Y., & Chang, C.-Y.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Tamkang University (TW)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Ching-Yi
- Venue
- Nurse Education in Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-02
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 104266
- ISSN
- 1471-5953 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4406405011
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 15
- FWCI
- 45.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nurse Education in Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Council (113-2410-H-038 -026 -MY2, 112-2410-H-031-035-MY3, 112-2622-H-038 -002)
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2410-H-038-026 -MY2, NSTC 112-2410-H-011-012-MY3)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Problem and Project Based Learning
- Keywords
- generative AI, ChatGPT, prompt learning, geriatric nursing education, critical thinking, metacognition, problem solving, question generation, nursing students
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Adult, Artificial Intelligence, Curriculum, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Female, Geriatric Nursing, Humans, Male, Problem Solving, Students, Nursing, Thinking, Problem-Based Learning, Qualitative Research
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