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Cited by 73Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and TestingDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

fMRI and MEG in the study of typical and atypical cognitive development

Taylor, M.J., Donner, E.J., Pang, E.W.·2012·Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology
DOI 10.1016/j.neucli.2011.08.002
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Abstract

The tremendous changes in brain structure over childhood are critical to the development of cognitive functions. Neuroimaging provides a means of linking these brain-behaviour relations, as task protocols can be adapted for use with young children to assess the development of cognitive functions in both typical and atypical populations. This paper reviews some of our research using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) in the study of cognitive development, with a focus on frontal lobe functions. Working memory for complex abstract patterns showed clear development in terms of the recruitment of frontal regions, seen with fMRI, with indications of strategy differences across the age range, from 6 to 35 years of age. Right hippocampal involvement was also evident in these n-back tasks, demonstrating its involvement in recognition in simple working memory protocols. Children born very preterm (7 to 9 years of age) showed reduced fMRI activation particularly in the precuneus and right hippocampal regions relative to control children. In a large normative n-back study (n=90) with upright and inverted faces, MEG data also showed right hippocampal activation that was present across the age range; frontal sources were evident only from 10 years of age. Other studies have investigated the development of set shifting, an executive function that is often deficit in atypical populations. fMRI showed recruitment of frontal areas, including the insula, that have significantly different patterns in children (7 to 14 years of age) with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developing children, indicating that successful performance implicated differing strategies in these two groups of children. These types of studies will help our understanding of both normal brain-behaviour development and cognitive dysfunction in atypically developing populations.

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  • Taylor and colleagues found an age by group interaction in 7- to 14-year-old children during extra-dimensional shifts, such that the right insula exhibited increasing activation with age in typical development but decreasing activation with age in ASD.

    “Examining extra-dimensional shifts in 7–14 year old children, Taylor and colleagues found an age by group interaction such that the right insula exhibited increasing activation with age in typical development, but decreasing activation with age in ASD (85).”

    From Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [85]

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Authors
Taylor, M. J., Donner, E. J., & Pang, E. W.
Affiliations
  • Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Taylor, M.J.
ORCID
Venue
Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-01
Volume
42
Issue
1-2
Pages
19-25
ISSN
0987-7053 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neucli.2011.08.002
OpenAlex
W2017055703
Cited by
73
References
34
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Neurophysiologie Clinique (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
cognitive development, frontal lobe development, working memory, n-back task, hippocampal activation, very preterm children, precuneus, set-shifting, executive function, autism spectrum disorder, insula, face recognition (cognition)
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Cognition, Face, Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Magnetoencephalography, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult, Neuroimaging

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