Long-term effects of maternal separation coupled with social isolation on reward seeking and changes in dopamine D1 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens via DNA methylation in mice
Open accessAbstract
Early-life stress has long-lasting effects on the stress response, emotions, and behavior throughout an individual's life. Clinical reports have demonstrated that child abuse victims exhibit impairments in reward-associated behavior; yet, the mechanism for this effect remains unclear. Maternal separation (MS) or MS coupled with social isolation (SI) (MS+SI) is widely used as a model for early-life stress in rodent studies. We employed mice subjected to MS+SI to clarify the long-term effect of early-life stress on reward-seeking involving palatable foods by a conditioned place-preference (CPP) paradigm. Prior MS+SI experience decreased exploration time in a chocolate-paired compartment in adult female mice, but not in male mice. We then focused on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway associated with reward-seeking behavior and measured both mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). MS+SI female mice had significantly lower D1 receptor mRNA and protein levels than controls, whereas the expression of TH and the D2 receptor was similar in the 2 groups. All mRNA and protein levels were unchanged in MS+SI male mice. When attempting to elucidate the mechanism underlying downregulation of the D1 receptor in the NAc of MS+SI females, we found hypermethylation of the Drd1a promoter region. These results suggest that early-life stress affects reward-seeking behavior in female mice, which may be associated with the downregulation of D1 receptor in the NAc via epigenetic modification of its promoter region.
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Maternal separation was associated with decreased conditioned locomotor activity to food-related cues and decreased conditioned place preference to chocolate, indicating decreased reward valuation or incentive salience within approach motivation.
“Maternal separation was also associated with decreased conditioned locomotor activity to food-related cues (Matthews et al., 1996b, 1996a) as well as decreased conditioned place preference to chocolate (Sasagawa et al., 2017) indicative of a decreased reward valuation/incentive salience function within the approach motivation construct.”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Sasagawa et al., 2017
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Dory, E. K., Hazani, R., Loterstein, Y., Zalsman, G., Michal Lavidor, B., & Weller, A. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111511
Epigenetic regulation of inflammation by dopamine in primary human macrophages
Agarwal, Y., Ramani, M. D., Manikandan, S., Bonar, K. A., Montilla, J., Gaskill, P. J., & Matt, S. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1779072
- Authors
- Sasagawa, T., Horii-Hayashi, N., Okuda, A., Hashimoto, T., Azuma, C., & Nishi, M.
- Affiliations
- Nara Medical University (JP)
- University of Fukui (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Nishi, Mayumi
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 641
- Pages
- 33-39
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2572593764
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ginmu.repo.nii.ac.jp
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Nara Medical University Institutional Repository (GINMU) (Nara Medical University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26 7097, JP23390040)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- maternal separation, social isolation, early life stress, reward seeking, dopamine D1 receptor, nucleus accumbens, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation, tyrosine hydroxylase, ventral tegmental area, sex differences, conditioned place preference, palatable food, child abuse
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nucleus Accumbens, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Reward, Sex Factors, Social Isolation, Receptors, Dopamine D1, DNA Methylation
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