Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 496

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Large-scale Speech Tasks

Sainath, Tara N., Kingsbury, Brian, Saon, George, Soltau, Hagen, Mohamed, Abdel-rahman, Dahl, George, Ramabhadran, Bhuvana·2015·Neural Networks

Abstract

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are an alternative type of neural network that can be used to reduce spectral variations and model spectral correlations which exist in signals. Since speech signals exhibit both of these properties, we hypothesize that CNNs are a more effective model for speech compared to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In this paper, we explore applying CNNs to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) tasks. First, we determine the appropriate architecture to make CNNs effective compared to DNNs for LVCSR tasks. Specifically, we focus on how many convolutional layers are needed, what is an appropriate number of hidden units, what is the best pooling strategy. Second, investigate how to incorporate speaker-adapted features, which cannot directly be modeled by CNNs as they do not obey locality in frequency, into the CNN framework. Third, given the importance of sequence training for speech tasks, we introduce a strategy to use ReLU+dropout during Hessian-free sequence training of CNNs. Experiments on 3 LVCSR tasks indicate that a CNN with the proposed speaker-adapted and ReLU+dropout ideas allow for a 12%-14% relative improvement in WER over a strong DNN system, achieving state-of-the art results in these 3 tasks.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neunet.2014.08.005

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Research works printed but not linked: 24

  1. Abdel-Hamid, O., Mohamed, A., Jiang, H., & Penn, G. (2012). Applying convolutional neural network concepts to hybrid NN-HMM model for speech recognition, In Proc. ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  2. Dahl, G., Sainath, T., & Hinton, G. (2013), Improving deep neural networks for LVCSR using rectified linear units and dropout. In Proc. ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Deng, L., Abdel-Hamid, O., & Yu, D. (2013). A deep convolutional neural network using heterogeneous pooling for trading acoustic invariance with phonetic confusion. In Proc. ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  4. Gales, 1998, Maximum likelihood linear transformations for HMM-based speech recognition, Computer Speech and Language, 12, 75, 10.1006/csla.1998.0043 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Gales, 1999, Semi-tied covariance matrices for hidden markov models, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 7, 272, 10.1109/89.759034 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Glorot, X., & Bengio, Y. Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks. In Proc. AI Stats.
  7. Jaitly, N., Nguyen, P., Senior, A. W., & Vanhoucke, V. (2012). Application of pretrained deep neural networks to large vocabulary speech recognition, In Proc. Interspeech. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Kingsbury, B. (2009). Lattice-based optimization of sequence classification criteria for neural-network acoustic modeling. In Proc. ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  9. Kingsbury, B., Sainath, T. N., & Soltau, H. (2012). Scalable minimum bayes risk training of deep neural network acoustic models using distributed hessian-free optimization. In Proc. Interspeech. · DOI · Paper page
  10. Lawrence, 1997, Face recognition: A convolutional neural-network approach, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 8, 98, 10.1109/72.554195 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Lee, L., & Rose, R. C. (1996). Speaker normalization using efficient frequency warping procedures, In Proc. ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  12. Martens, J. (2010) Deep learning via Hessian-free optimization, In Proc. intl. conf. on machine learnbeing (ICML).
  13. Mohamed, A., Hinton, G., & Penn, G. (2012). Understanding how deep belief networks perform acoustic modelling, In ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  14. Povey, D., Kanevsky, D., Kingsbury, B., Ramabhadran, B., Saon, G., & Visweswariah, K. (2008). Boosted MMI for model and feature-space discriminative training, In Proc. ICASSP (pp. 4057–4060). · DOI · Paper page
  15. Sainath, T., Mohamed, A., Kingsbury, B., & Ramabhadran, B. 2013 Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for LVCSR, In: Proc. ICASSP. · DOI · Paper page
  16. Sainath, T. N., Kingsbury, B., Mohamed, A., Dahl, G., Saon, G., Soltau, H., Beran, T., Aravkin, A. Y., & Ramabhadran, B. 2013 Improvements to Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for LVCSR, In: Proc. ASRU. · DOI · Paper page
  17. Sainath, T. N., Kingsbury, B., Ramabhadran, B., Fousek, P., Novak, P., & Mohamed, A. 2011 Making Deep Belief Networks Effective for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition, In: Proc. ASRU. · DOI · Paper page
  18. Sainath, T. N., Ramabhadran, B., Picheny, M., Nahamoo, D., & Kanevsky, D. (2011). Exemplar-based sparse representation features: from TIMIT to LVCSR. · DOI
  19. Saon, G., Soltau, H., Picheny, M., & Nahamoo, D. 2013 Speaker adaptation of neural network acoustic models using I-vectors. In Proc. ASRU (in preperation). · DOI · Paper page
  20. Seide, F., Li, G., & Yu, D. 2011 Conversational Speech Transcription Using Context-Dependent Deep Neural Networks, In: Proc. Interspeech. · DOI · Paper page
  21. Sermanet, P., Chintala, S., & LeCun, Y. 2012 Convolutional neural networks applied to house numbers digit classification, In: Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2012 21st International Conference on.
  22. Soltau, H., Saon, G., & Kingsbury, B. 2010 The IBM Attila Speech Recognition Toolkit, In: Proc. SLT. · DOI
  23. Young, S. J., Odell, J., & Woodland, P. 1994 Tree-based State Tying for High Accuracy Acoustic Modelling, In: Proc. HLT. pp. 307–312. · DOI · Paper page
  24. Zeiler, M., & Fergus, R. 2013 Stochastic Pooling for Regularization of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, In: Proc. of the International Conference on Representaiton Learning (ICLR).

Cited by

See all 496

Metadata

Authors
Sainath, T. N., Kingsbury, B., Saon, G., Soltau, H., Mohamed, A.-R., Dahl, G., & Ramabhadran, B.
Venue
Neural Networks
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-04
Volume
64
Pages
39-48
ISSN
0893-6080 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2033310064
Cited by
496
References
7
FWCI
41.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Large-scale Speech Tasks. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.neunet.2014.08.005
The paper
Sainath, T. N., Kingsbury, B., Saon, G., Soltau, H., Mohamed, A.-R., Dahl, G., & Ramabhadran, B. (2015). Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Large-scale Speech Tasks. Neural Networks. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2014.08.005

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.