Dendritic spine remodeling accompanies Alzheimer's disease pathology and genetic susceptibility in cognitively normal aging
Open accessAbstract
Subtle alterations in dendritic spine morphology can induce marked effects on connectivity patterns of neuronal circuits and subsequent cognitive behavior. Past studies of rodent and nonhuman primate aging revealed reductions in spine density with concomitant alterations in spine morphology among pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. In this report, we visualized and digitally reconstructed the three-dimensional morphology of dendritic spines from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognitively normal individuals aged 40-94 years. Linear models defined relationships between spines and age, Mini-Mental State Examination, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Similar to findings in other mammals, spine density correlated negatively with human aging. Reduced spine head diameter associated with higher Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Individuals harboring an APOE ε4 allele displayed greater numbers of dendritic filopodia and structural alterations in thin spines. The presence of AD pathology correlated with increased spine length, reduced thin spine head diameter, and increased filopodia density. Our study reveals how spine morphology in the prefrontal cortex changes in human aging and highlights key structural alterations in selective spine populations that may promote cognitively normal function despite harboring the APOE ε4 allele or AD pathology.
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Dendritic spine density in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is inversely correlated with Braak stage in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that tau pathology may be associated with spine loss.
“Notably, dendritic spine density in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is inversely correlated with Braak stage in AD, suggesting that tau pathology may be associated with spine loss (Boros et al., 2017, Boros et al., 2019).”
From Dendritic Spine Remodeling and Synaptic Tau Levels in PS19 Tauopathy Mice (2021) · cites this paper as Boros et al., 2019
The Results section, “Alzheimer’s disease pathology correlates with changes in spine density and morphology,” explicitly reports no correlation between overall DLPFC spine density and Braak stage in the cognitively normal cohort. It does report reduced density of the stubby-spine subtype with higher Braak stage, but that does not establish the claimed correlation for overall spine density or for patients with AD. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn AD cases, dendritic and synaptic structural remodeling could represent compensatory plasticity responses during the transition from no cognitive impairment to MCI.
“Notably, in AD cases, dendritic and synaptic structural remodeling could represent compensatory plasticity responses during the transition from no cognitive impairment to MCI (Boros et al., 2017, Boros et al., 2019), and our data suggest these architectural changes could be driven by tau-related disease processes.”
From Dendritic Spine Remodeling and Synaptic Tau Levels in PS19 Tauopathy Mice (2021) · cites this paper as Boros et al., 2019
The Discussion section on genetic and pathologic aspects of AD proposes that dendritic spine remodeling may help maintain cognitive function in cognitively normal people with AD pathology, and relates these mechanisms to a possible transition from preclinical to symptomatic AD. The Methods section states that all sampled cases were cognitively normal at death; the paper does not specifically establish remodeling during a transition to MCI. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cites
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Cortical area and species differences in dendritic spine morphology
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Dendritic Spines: Mediators of Cognitive Resilience in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Walker, C. K., & Herskowitz, J. H. (2021) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420945964 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
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Dendritic Spine Remodeling and Synaptic Tau Levels in PS19 Tauopathy Mice
Walker, C. K., Greathouse, K. M., Boros, B. D., Poovey, E. H., Clearman, K. R., Ramdas, R., Muhammad, H. M., & Herskowitz, J. H. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.006 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Boros, B. D., Greathouse, K. M., Gearing, M., & Herskowitz, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Herskowitz, Jeremy H.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 73
- Pages
- 92-103
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6251733
- OpenAlex
- W2892344763
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K99AG043552, R00AG043552, R01AG057911, R01AG054719, P50AG025688, R01AG061800)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS055077)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- dendritic spine remodeling, dendritic spine morphology, Alzheimer's disease pathology, APOE ε4, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, spine density, filopodia, cognitive aging, Mini-Mental State Examination
- MeSH terms
- Cognitive Aging, Adult, Aged, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuronal Plasticity, Prefrontal Cortex, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Dendritic Spines, Apolipoprotein E4
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