Dendritic Spines: Mediators of Cognitive Resilience in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive resilience is often defined as the ability to remain cognitively normal in the face of insults to the brain. These insults can include disease pathology, such as plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other lesions. Factors such as physical or mental activity and genetics may contribute to cognitive resilience, but the neurobiological underpinnings remain ill-defined. Emerging evidence suggests that dendritic spine structural plasticity is one plausible mechanism. In this review, we highlight the basic structure and function of dendritic spines and discuss how spine density and morphology change in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. We note evidence that spine plasticity mediates resilience to stress, and we tackle dendritic spines in the context of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we examine how lifestyle and genetic factors may influence dendritic spine plasticity to promote cognitive resilience before discussing evidence for actin regulatory kinases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Neurons rely heavily on local proteostasis that requires robust lysosomal trafficking and positioning due to their long axons and dendrites.
“At a mechanistic level, the long processes of axons and dendrites mean that neurons rely heavily on local proteostasis that requires robust lysosomal trafficking and positioning.154,155”
From The lysosome and proteostatic stress at the intersection of pediatric neurological disorders and adult neurodegenerative diseases (2025) · cites this paper as [154]
The 'Regulation of Spine Morphology' section discusses microtubules delivering cargo to dendritic spines, but does not connect this to local proteostasis or lysosomal trafficking and positioning. Searches for those terms and for protein degradation along long axons and dendrites found no passage addressing the claimed mechanism; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Walker, C. K., & Herskowitz, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Herskowitz, Jeremy H.
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-08-19
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 487-505
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- PMC
- PMC8130863
- OpenAlex
- W3066396828
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (F31AG067635, R01AG057911, RF1AG063755, R01AG054719, R01AG061800)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS061788)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- dendritic spines, cognitive resilience, Alzheimer's disease, brain aging, spine plasticity, spine density, dendritic spine morphology, stress resilience, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Dendritic Spines
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