fMRI in the presence of task-correlated breathing variations
Open accessAbstract
Variations in the subject's heart rate and breathing pattern have been shown to result in significant fMRI signal changes, mediated in part by non-neuronal physiological mechanisms such as global changes in levels of arterial CO(2). When these physiological changes are correlated with a task, as may happen in response to emotional stimuli or tasks that change levels of arousal, a concern arises that non-neuronal physiologically-induced signal changes may be misinterpreted as reflecting task-related neuronal activation. The purpose of this study is to provide information that can help in determining whether task activation maps are influenced by task-correlated physiological noise, particularly task-correlated breathing changes. We also compare different strategies to reduce the influence of physiological noise. Two paradigms are investigated--1) a lexical decision task where some subjects showed task-related breathing changes, and 2) a task where subjects were instructed to hold their breath during the presentation of contrast-reversing checkerboard, an extreme case of task-correlated physiological noise. Consistent with previous literature, we find that MRI signal changes correlated with variations in breathing depth and rate have a characteristic spatial and temporal profile that is different from the typical activation-induced BOLD response. The delineation of activation in the presence of task correlated breathing changes was improved either by independent component analysis, or by including specific nuisance regressors in a regression analysis. The difference in the spatial and temporal characteristics of physiological-induced and neuronal-induced fluctuations exploited by these strategies suggests that activation can be studied even in the presence of task-correlated physiological changes.
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The changes in breathing are meditation-specific, and brain (de)activations could be interpreted as meditation-related mechanisms when they are potentially due to physiological noise.
“The changes in breathing are meditation-specific, and the brain (de) activations could be interpreted as meditation-related mechanisms, when they are potentially due to physiological noise.12,96”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Birn, R. M., Murphy, K., Handwerker, D. A., & Bandettini, P. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Birn, Rasmus M.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1092-1104
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2998293
- OpenAlex
- W2106822401
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (Z01MH002783, ZIAMH002783)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- heart rate, arterial carbon dioxide, BOLD signal, independent component analysis, lexical decision, breath-holding, checkerboard stimuli
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Respiration, Artifacts, Young Adult
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