Unreliable evoked responses in autism
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Autism has been described as a disorder of general neural processing, but the particular processing characteristics that might be abnormal in autism have mostly remained obscure. Here, we present evidence of one such characteristic: poor evoked response reliability. We compared cortical response amplitude and reliability (consistency across trials) in visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices of high-functioning individuals with autism and controls. Mean response amplitudes were statistically indistinguishable across groups, yet trial-by-trial response reliability was significantly weaker in autism, yielding smaller signal-to-noise ratios in all sensory systems. Response reliability differences were evident only in evoked cortical responses and not in ongoing resting-state activity. These findings reveal that abnormally unreliable cortical responses, even to elementary nonsocial sensory stimuli, may represent a fundamental physiological alteration of neural processing in autism. The results motivate a critical expansion of autism research to determine whether (and how) basic neural processing properties such as reliability, plasticity, and adaptation/habituation are altered in autism.
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Individuals with autism show increased intra-participant variability in electrophysiological or hemodynamic responses to sensory stimulation, and this variability correlates with the severity of autism symptoms.
“studies in older participants with autism have reported increased intra-participant variability in electrophysiological (e.g., visual-evoked ERPs; Milne, 2011) or hemodynamic responses to different types of sensory stimulation (e.g., auditory, visual and tactile; Dinstein et al., 2012), and this variability was shown to correlate with the severity of autism symptoms (Dinstein et al., 2012).”
From From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism (2014) · cites this paper as Dinstein et al., 2012
Recent work suggests autism spectrum disorder differences may be associated with reliability of behavioral performance and evoked neural responses, not only activation differences.
“more recent work has also investigated the possibility that differences in ASD may not be necessarily found in only differences in activation, but also may be associated with differences in the reliability of behavioral performance (Geurts et al., 2008) or evoked neural responses (Coskun et al., 2009; Dinstein et al., 2012; Haigh et al., 2014; Milne, 2011).”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Dinstein et al., 2012
In higher functioning ASD, alterations are found in consistency, although not in overall amplitude, of unimodal sensory response.
“In higher functioning ASD alterations are found in consistency, although not in overall amplitude, of unimodal sensory response (114).”
From Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Dinstein, I., Heeger, D. J., Lorenzi, L., Minshew, N. J., Malach, R., & Behrmann, M.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- New York University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Dinstein, Ilan
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 981-991
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3457023
- OpenAlex
- W2133645220
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 15.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KiltHub Repository
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS033355)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD035469, U19HD035469, P50HD055748, HD 055748)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, signal-to-noise ratio, visual cortex, auditory cortex, somatosensory cortex, resting-state brain activity, sensory processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Afferent Pathways, Autistic Disorder, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Physical Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Signal Detection, Psychological, Young Adult, Signal-To-Noise Ratio
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