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Cited by 508Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesNeuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical InnovationsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Enhancement of human cognitive performance using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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Luber, Bruce, Lisanby, Sarah H.·2014·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.007PMC PMC4083569
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Abstract

Here we review the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in modulating cortical networks in ways that might produce performance enhancements in healthy human subjects. To date over sixty studies have reported significant improvements in speed and accuracy in a variety of tasks involving perceptual, motor, and executive processing. Two basic categories of enhancement mechanisms are suggested by this literature: direct modulation of a cortical region or network that leads to more efficient processing, and addition-by-subtraction, which is disruption of processing which competes or distracts from task performance. Potential applications of TMS cognitive enhancement, including research into cortical function, rehabilitation therapy in neurological and psychiatric illness, and accelerated skill acquisition in healthy individuals are discussed, as are methods of optimizing the magnitude and duration of TMS-induced performance enhancement, such as improvement of targeting through further integration of brain imaging with TMS. One technique, combining multiple sessions of TMS with concurrent TMS/task performance to induce Hebbian-like learning, appears to be promising for prolonging enhancement effects. While further refinements in the application of TMS to cognitive enhancement can still be made, and questions remain regarding the mechanisms underlying the observed effects, this appears to be a fruitful area of investigation that may shed light on the basic mechanisms of cognitive function and their therapeutic modulation.

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  • Evidence supports pro-cognitive effects of TMS in healthy individuals and in patients with neurologic and psychiatric illnesses such as mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, stroke, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.

    “Evidence supports the pro-cognitive effects of TMS in healthy individuals (Luber & Lisanby, 2014) and in patients with neurologic and psychiatric illnesses such as mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (Cheng et al., 2018;Chou et al., 2020;Lin et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2020), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; Chou et al., 2020;Drumond Marra et al., 2015;Jiang et al., 2021), stroke (M.Liu et al., 2021”

    From Neurocognitive effects of theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in adults: A systematic review and recommendations for future research (2025) · cites this paper as Luber & Lisanby, 2014

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Authors
Luber, B., & Lisanby, S. H.
Affiliations
Duke University (US)
Corresponding author
Luber, Bruce
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-01
Volume
85
Pages
961-970
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.007
PMC
PMC4083569
OpenAlex
W2088326070
Cited by
508
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 3
FWCI
2.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
NIH (K01 AG031912)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
transcranial magnetic stimulation, cognitive enhancement, perceptual processing, motor processes, executive function, Hebbian learning, skill acquisition, rehabilitation, healthy volunteers
MeSH terms
Brain, Cognition, Humans, Task Performance and Analysis, Biomedical Enhancement, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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