GDE2 Regulates Subtype-Specific Motor Neuron Generation through Inhibition of Notch Signaling
Open accessAbstract
The specification of spinal interneuron and motor neuron identities initiates within progenitor cells, while motor neuron subtype diversification is regulated by hierarchical transcriptional programs implemented postmitotically. Here we find that mice lacking GDE2, a six-transmembrane protein that triggers motor neuron generation, exhibit selective losses of distinct motor neuron subtypes, specifically in defined subsets of limb-innervating motor pools that correlate with the loss of force-generating alpha motor neurons. Mechanistically, GDE2 is expressed by postmitotic motor neurons but utilizes extracellular glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity to induce motor neuron generation by inhibiting Notch signaling in neighboring motor neuron progenitors. Thus, neuronal GDE2 controls motor neuron subtype diversity through a non-cell-autonomous feedback mechanism that directly regulates progenitor cell differentiation, implying that subtype specification initiates within motor neuron progenitor populations prior to their differentiation into postmitotic motor neurons.
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GDE2 is one of three known GPI-anchor cleaving enzymes in vertebrates and the only one expressed in neurons.
“GDE2 is one of three known GPI-anchor cleaving enzymes in vertebrates that function at the cell surface, and the only one expressed in neurons (22–26).”
From GDE2-RECK controls ADAM10 α-secretase–mediated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results section (“GDE2 expression in spinal motor neurons”; page unavailable) documents GDE2 expression in motor neurons. The Discussion says GDE2’s direct substrates had not been definitively identified; our copy does not establish that it cleaves GPI anchors, that there are three such vertebrate enzymes, or that GDE2 alone is expressed in neurons. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Daudelin, D., Sama-Borbon, D., Zhang, N., & Sockanathan, S. (2025) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0102-25.2025
Self-citationAngla-Navarro, A., Bajo, A. D., Toch, M., Francius, C., Hidalgo‐Figueroa, M., Zhang, J., Finet, M., Schakman, O., Martin, M., Mu, X., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2025.07.27.665825
Additional file 1 of Loss of GDE2 leads to complex behavioral changes including memory impairment
Daudelin, D., Westerhaus, A., Zhang, N., Leyder, E. C., Savonenko, A. V., & Sockanathan, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26702176
Self-citationAdditional file 2 of Loss of GDE2 leads to complex behavioral changes including memory impairment
Daudelin, D., Westerhaus, A., Zhang, N., Leyder, E., Savonenko, A. V., & Sockanathan, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26702179
Self-citationPeroxiredoxin-Mediated Redox Regulation in Neurons: From Neurite Development to Degeneration
Kim, G., 이재연, Kwon, S., Yeom, E., & Lee, D. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15050604
Blauth, O., Sławińska, U., & Zawadzka, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1819322
Angla-Navarro, A., Bajo, A. D., Toch, M., Francius, C., Hidalgo‐Figueroa, M., Zhang, J., Finet, M., Schakman, O., Martin, M., Mu, X., et al. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110788.2
The Roles of RECK, a Membrane-Anchored Regulator of Pericellular Proteolysis, in Neural Development
Noda, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54496-8_10
- Authors
- Sabharwal, P., Lee, C., Park, S., Rao, M., & Sockanathan, S.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sockanathan, Shanthini
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1058-1070
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3183458
- OpenAlex
- W2120120735
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- Johns Hopkins University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046336)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
- Keywords
- Notch signaling inhibition, motor neuron progenitors, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, alpha motoneurons, non-cell-autonomous signaling, spinal cord development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Isoenzymes, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Neurons, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases, Signal Transduction, Mice, Receptors, Notch, Neurogenesis
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