The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Combination of Ontogeny and CNS Environment Establishes Microglial Identity
Open accessAbstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, are dynamic CNS custodians with surprising origins in the extra-embryonic yolk sac. The consequences of their distinct ontogeny are unknown but critical to understanding and treating brain diseases. We created a brain macrophage transplantation system to disentangle how environment and ontogeny specify microglial identity. We find that donor cells extensively engraft in the CNS of microglia-deficient mice, and even after exposure to a cell culture environment, microglia fully regain their identity when returned to the CNS. Though transplanted macrophages from multiple tissues can express microglial genes in the brain, only those of yolk-sac origin fully attain microglial identity. Transplanted macrophages of inappropriate origin, including primary human cells in a humanized host, express disease-associated genes and specific ontogeny markers. Through brain macrophage transplantation, we discover new principles of microglial identity that have broad applications to the study of disease and development of myeloid cell therapies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These genes are highly enriched in microglia and are not upregulated in monocytes that engraft the brain in microglia-depleted mouse models”
From Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Divergence of the Primate Microglia Program (2019) · cites this paper as Bennett et al., 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, when macrophages enter the CNS, they adopt a microglia-like phenotype and express markers considered to be microglia-specific, further confounding analysis (Bennett et al., 2018).”
From Activated microglia drive demyelination via CSF1R signaling (2021) · cites this paper as Bennett et al., 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Supporting this notion, once microglia are impaired by irradiation or genetic deficiencies, HSC-derived M F can efficiently and persistently colonize the brain parenchyma 14-17 .”
From Clonal hematopoiesis-associated motoric deficits caused by monocyte-derived microglia accumulating in aging mice (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Experimentally seeded parenchymal brain MoM F were shown to retain epigenomes and expression signatures distinct from YSderived cells and respond differentially to challenges, even following prolonged brain residence 14-17 .”
From Clonal hematopoiesis-associated motoric deficits caused by monocyte-derived microglia accumulating in aging mice (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“recent transplantation experiments suggest that Ms4a7 and other markers in Cluster 6 are specific to hematopoietic derived cells versus those derived from yolk-sac progenitors (Bennett et al., 2018).”
From Complex cell-state changes revealed by single cell RNA sequencing of 76,149 microglia throughout the mouse lifespan and in the injured brain (2018) · cites this paper as Bennett et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The loss of the homeostatic microglial gene P2ry12 (Bennett et al. , 2018) from the R6/2 striatum in our dataset (FDR 5 0.1, LogFC = -0.7083 versus control)”
From Microglial depletion prevents extracellular matrix changes and striatal volume reduction in a model of Huntington's disease (2020) · cites this paper as Bennett et al. , 2018
In the citing paper
“This study shows that transplanted macrophages from multiple tissues can express microglial genes in the brain; however, only those of yolk sac origin fully attain microglial identity.”
From Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease (2018) · cites this paper as [220]
In the citing paper
“This study shows that transplanted macrophages from multiple tissues can express microglial genes in the brain; however, only those of yolk sac origin fully attain microglial identity.”
From Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease (2018) · cites this paper as [220]
In the citing paper
“Barres group recently identified Tmem119++/Sall1+/Gpr56+/Apoe+ as yolk sac-derived microglia, whereas hematopoietic stem cell-derived microglia-like cells express Tmem119+/Ms4a7+/Clec12a+/Apoe+++ suggesting lineage-specific microglia markers that can be useful in determining the origin of microglia [18, 19].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“suggesting lineage-specific microglia markers that can be useful in determining the origin of microglia [18, 19].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Recent genomic and proteomic studies revealed microglia express a unique set of genes distinct from infiltrating monocytes and other immune cells [18, 19].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Barres group recently identified Tmem119++/Sall1+/Gpr56+/Apoe+ as yolk sac-derived microglia, whereas hematopoietic stem cell-derived microglia-like cells express Tmem119+/Ms4a7+/Clec12a+/Apoe+++ suggesting lineage-specific microglia markers that can be useful in determining the origin of microglia [18, 19].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“It can be reversed by engraftment of isolated cells into brains lacking microglia, suggesting that additional CNS-specific cues are required to sustain microglia specification [18, 66].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“It can be reversed by engraftment of isolated cells into brains lacking microglia, suggesting that additional CNS-specific cues are required to sustain microglia specification [18, 66].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis
Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Rueden, C., Saalfeld, S., Schmid, B., et al. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019 · Cited by 66,890
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., & Eliceiri, K. W. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089 · Cited by 64,638
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102 · Cited by 53,625
Robinson, M. D., McCarthy, D. J., & Smyth, G. K. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616 · Cited by 41,364
Trapnell, C., Roberts, A., Goff, L. A., Pertea, G. M., Kim, D., Kelley, D. R., Pimentel, H., Salzberg, S. L., Rinn, J. L., & Pachter, L. S. (2012) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2012.016 · Cited by 12,145
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971
Self-citationFate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175
Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Sloan, S. A., Bennett, M. L., Scholze, A. R., O'Keeffe, S., Phatnani, H. P., Guarnieri, P., Caneda, C., Ruderisch, N., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1860-14.2014 · Cited by 4,875 · cited 3×
“Sample-size estimations and method of computation Sample-size estimations for RNaseq experiments were empirically based on past studies (Clarke et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2014).”
Self-citationMetsalu, T., & Vilo, J. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv468 · Cited by 3,770
Krasemann, S., Madore, C., Cialic, R., Baufeld, C., Calcagno, N., El Fatimy, R., Beckers, L., O’Loughlin, E., Xu, Y., Fanek, Z., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.008 · Cited by 2,979
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 527
Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: Current State, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Yang, M., Oh, I. Y., Mahanty, A., Jin, W., & Yoo, J. S. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12092334 · Cited by 43
Investigating Microglia in Health and Disease: Challenges and Opportunities
Miron, V. E., & Priller, J. (2020) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.07.002 · Cited by 43
Macrophage depletion blocks congenital SARM1-dependent neuropathy
Dingwall, C. B., Strickland, A. M., Yum, S. W., Yim, A. K., Zhu, J., Wang, P. L., Yamada, Y., Schmidt, R. E., Sasaki, Y., Bloom, A. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci159800 · Cited by 40
A Comparative Biology of Microglia Across Species
Sharma, K. P., Bisht, K., & Eyo, U. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.652748 · Cited by 46
Chen, D., Wang, C., Chen, X., Li, J., Chen, S., Li, Y., Ma, F., Li, T., Zou, M., Li, X., et al. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.ads6111 · Cited by 42
Multifaceted Involvement of Microglia in Gray Matter Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis
Tsouki, F., & Williams, A. (2021) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.3374 · Cited by 39
Nosi, D., Lana, D., Giovannini, M. G., Delfino, G., & Zecchi‐Orlandini, S. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10051195 · Cited by 41
Perivascular macrophages in high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation
Mendes, N. F., & Velloso, L. A. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02519-6 · Cited by 41
Clearing the Fog surrounding Chemobrain
Gutmann, D. H. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.027 · Cited by 38
Epigenetic control of microglial immune responses
Scholz, R., Brösamle, D., Yuan, X., Beyer, M., & Neher, J. J. (2024) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13317 · Cited by 39
Stables, J., Green, E. K., Sehgal, A., Patkar, O. L., Keshvari, S., Taylor, I., Ashcroft, M. E., Grabert, K., Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Szymkowiak, S., et al. (2022) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.200237 · Cited by 39
Ni, B., Huang, G., Yang, R., Wang, Z., Song, H., Li, K., Zhang, Y., Wu, K., Shi, G., Wang, X., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02766-1 · Cited by 38
Zhu, Y., Webster, M. J., Murphy, C. E., Middleton, F. A., Massa, P. T., Liu, C., Dai, R., & Weickert, C. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.858989 · Cited by 39
Old Stars and New Players in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment
Parmigiani, E., Scalera, M., Mori, E., Tantillo, E., & Vannini, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.709917 · Cited by 34
The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain
Lee, D., Jo, H., Go, C., Jang, Y., Chu, N., Bae, S., Kang, D., Kim, Y., & Kang, J. S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020757 · Cited by 35
Zhou, L., Xu, Z., Oh, Y., Gamuyao, R., Lee, G., Xie, Y., Cho, H., Lee, S., & Duh, E. J. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.93382 · Cited by 34
Direct neuronal conversion of microglia/macrophages reinstates neurological function after stroke
Irie, T., Matsuda, T., Hayashi, Y., Matsuda‐Ito, K., Kamiya, A., Masuda, T., Prinz, M., Isobe, N., Kira, J., & Nakashima, K. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2307972120 · Cited by 37
Kim, J.-S., Trzebanski, S., Shin, S.-H., Schori, L., Frumer Friedman, G. R., Ilani, N. C., Kadam, A., Vicario, R., Aust, O., Bugaeva, P., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115609 · Cited by 33
Surala, M., Soso-Zdravkovic, L., Munro, D. A. D., Rifat, A., Ouk, K., Vida, I., Priller, J., & Madry, C. (2024) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00130-9 · Cited by 37
Therapeutic genetic restoration through allogeneic brain microglia replacement
Mader, M. M.-D., Scavetti, A., Yoo, Y., Chai, A. T., Uenaka, T., & Wernig, M. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09461-6 · Cited by 33
Glial cells in the driver seat of leukodystrophy pathogenesis
Garcia, L., Hacker, J. L., Sase, S., Adang, L. A., & Almad, A. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105087 · Cited by 34
de Soysa, Y., Therrien, M., Walker, A. C., & Stevens, B. (2022) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2022.101651 · Cited by 34
Defining Microglial States and Nomenclature: A Roadmap to 2030Preprint
Paolicelli, R. C., Sierra, A., Stevens, B., Tremblay, M., Aguzzi, A., Ajami, B., Amit, I., Audinat, É., Bechmann, I., Bennett, M. L., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4065080 · Cited by 33
Self-citationExtrasinusoidal macrophages are a distinct subset of immunologically active dural macrophages
Amann, L., Fell, A., Monaco, G., Sankowski, R., Wu, H., Jordão, M. J. C., Borst, K., Fliegauf, M., Masuda, T., Ardura-Fabregat, A., et al. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adh1129 · Cited by 34
Growing Glia: Cultivating Human Stem Cell Models of Gliogenesis in Health and Disease
Lanjewar, S. N., & Sloan, S. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.649538 · Cited by 31
Baldo, G. D., Bufalo, F. D., Pinacchio, C., Carai, A., Quintarelli, C., Angelis, B. D., Merli, P., Cacchione, A., Locatelli, F., & Mastronuzzi, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142597 · Cited by 32
Myeloid cell replacement is neuroprotective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Mader, M. M.-D., Napole, A., Wu, D., Atkins, M., Scavetti, A., Shibuya, Y., Foltz, A. G., Hahn, O., Yoo, Y., Danziger, R., et al. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01609-3 · Cited by 32
GPR56: An adhesion GPCR involved in brain development, neurological disorders and cancer
Ganesh, R. A., Venkataraman, K., & Sirdeshmukh, R. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147055 · Cited by 31
Fransson, J., Gómez-Conde, A. I., Romero-Imbroda, J., Fernández, Ó., Leyva, L., de Fonseca, F. R., Chun, J. J. M., Louapre, C., Evercooren, A. B., Zujovic, V., et al. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02130-x · Cited by 31
Role of regulatory T cells in spinal cord injury
Chen, H., Hao, P., Wang, P.-C., Zou, T., Feng, X.-M., & Wan, B. (2023) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01122-6 · Cited by 29
Microglia programmed cell death in neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injury
Cai, L., Fan, Q., Pang, R., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Xie, H., Huang, J., Wang, Y., Li, P., Huang, D., et al. (2024) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-024-02041-5 · Cited by 32
Aisenberg, W. H., O’Brien, C. A., Sangster, M., Yaqoob, F., Zhang, Y., Temsamrit, B., Thom, S., Gosse, L., Chaluvadi, V. S., Elfayomi, B., et al. (2025) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.03.019 · Cited by 31
Self-citationExcitatory Neuron-Derived Interleukin-34 Controls Cortical Developmental Microglia Function
Devlin, B. A., Nguyen, D. M., Ribeiro, D., Grullon, G., Clark, M. J., Finn, A., Ceasrine, A. M., Oxendine, S. R., Deja, M., Shah, A., et al. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.06.002 · Cited by 37
Sanchez-Molina, P., Almolda, B., Giménez‐Llort, L., González, B., & Castellano, B. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.026 · Cited by 32
Emerging cellular themes in leukodystrophies
Nowacki, J. C., Fields, A. M., & Fu, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.902261 · Cited by 29
Advanced therapeutic strategies targeting microglia: beyond neuroinflammation
Kwon, M. (2022) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-022-01406-1 · Cited by 29
Modulation of Microglial Function by ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors: Studies in Rat, Mice and Human
Tewari, M., Michalski, S. A., & Egan, T. M. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13020161 · Cited by 36
Tumor-Associated Microglia Secrete Extracellular ATP to Support Glioblastoma Progression
Wu, C. Y.-J., Chen, Y., Lin, Y.-J., Wei, K., Chang, K., Feng, L.-Y., Chen, K., Li, G., Ren, A. L., Nitta, R. T., et al. (2024) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0018 · Cited by 31
Du, S., Ou, F., Drieu, A., Xu, E. Z., Cheng, Y., Storck, S. E., Mamuladze, T., Cao, J., Abduljawad, N., Bhattarai, B., et al. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.01.032 · Cited by 32
The origin, fate and function of macrophages in the peripheral nervous system—an update
Amann, L., & Prinz, M. (2020) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa030 · Cited by 34
Sex- and region-biased depletion of microglia/macrophages attenuates CLN1 disease in mice
Berve, K., West, B. L., Martini, R., & Groh, J. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01996-x · Cited by 27
Neuronal Glial Crosstalk: Specific and Shared Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Chavda, V. K., Singh, K., Patel, V., Mishra, M., & Mishra, A. K. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010075 · Cited by 29
Hohsfield, L. A., Tsourmas, K. I., Ghorbanian, Y., Syage, A. R., Kim, S. J., Cheng, Y., Furman, S., Inlay, M. A., Lane, T. E., & Green, K. N. (2022) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24144 · Cited by 25
Berki, P., Cserép, C., Környei, Z., Pósfai, B., Szabadits, E., Domonkos, A., Kellermayer, A., Nyerges, M., Wei, X., Módy, I., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49773-1 · Cited by 35
Unravelling monocyte functions: from the guardians of health to the regulators of disease
Mildner, A., Kim, K.-W., & Yona, S. (2024) · Discovery Immunology · doi:10.1093/discim/kyae014 · Cited by 35
Spiteri, A. G., Terry, R. L., Wishart, C. L., Ashhurst, T. M., Campbell, I. L., Hofer, M. J., & King, N. J. C. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02214-y · Cited by 29
Sargeant, T. J., & Fourrier, C. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.015 · Cited by 32
Microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease: The role of flavonoids and microRNAs
Medrano-Jiménez, E., Meza‐Sosa, K. F., Aragon, J. A. U., Secundino, I., Pedraza-Alva, G., & Pérez-Martínez, L. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.3mr1021-531r · Cited by 28
Quarta, A., Blon, D. L., D’aes, T., Pieters, Z., Taj, S. H., Miró‐Mur, F., Luyckx, E., Breedam, E. V., Daans, J., Goossens, H., et al. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.009 · Cited by 29
Mouse and human macrophages and their roles in cardiovascular health and disease
Gallerand, A., Han, J., Ivanov, S., & Randolph, G. J. (2024) · Nature Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1038/s44161-024-00580-3 · Cited by 26
Chiou, B., Gao, C., Giera, S., Folts, C. J., Kishore, P., Yu, D., Oak, H. C., Jiang, R., & Piao, X. (2020) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23906 · Cited by 26
17-α-Estradiol Has Sex-Specific Effects on Neuroinflammation That Are Partly Reversed by Gonadectomy
Debarba, L. K., Jayarathne, H. S. M., Miller, R. A., Garratt, M., & Sadagurski, M. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab216 · Cited by 27
Microglia in CNS infections: insights from Toxoplasma gondii and other pathogens
Cowan, M. N., Sethi, I., & Harris, T. H. (2022) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2021.12.004 · Cited by 27
Microglial STAT1-sufficiency is required for resistance to toxoplasmic encephalitis
Cowan, M. N., Kovacs, M. A., Sethi, I., Babcock, I. W., Still, K. M., Batista, S. J., O’Brien, C. A., Thompson, J. A., Sibley, L. A., Labuzan, S. A., et al. (2022) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010637 · Cited by 24
Zhu, Y., Webster, M. J., Walker, A. K., Massa, P. T., Middleton, F. A., & Weickert, C. S. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.018 · Cited by 25
Michaels, N. J., Lemmon, K., Plemel, J. R., Jensen, S. K., Mishra, M. K., Brown, D., Rawji, K. S., Koch, M. W., & Yong, V. W. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1098-20.2020 · Cited by 26
Complexity of Sex Differences and Their Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease
Kadlecová, M., Freude, K., & Haukedal, H. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051261 · Cited by 27
CNS Resident Innate Immune Cells: Guardians of CNS Homeostasis
Muzio, L., & Perego, J. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25094865 · Cited by 27
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy for Brain Metastases Using Myeloid Cell–Specific Gene Promoters
Andreou, T., Rippaus, N., Wronski, K., Williams, J. M., Taggart, D., Cherqui, S., Sunderland, A., Kartika, Y. D., Egnuni, T., Brownlie, R. J., et al. (2019) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djz181 · Cited by 24
From macrophage biology to macrophage-based cellular immunotherapies
Mass, E., & Lachmann, N. (2021) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41434-021-00221-5 · Cited by 24
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System of the Rat
Hume, D. A., Caruso, M., Keshvari, S., Patkar, O. L., Sehgal, A., Bush, S. J., SUMMERS, K. M., Pridans, C., & Irvine, K. M. (2021) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100136 · Cited by 22
Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Ding, J., Li, M., Li, H., Wu, L., Zeng, Z., & Xia, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.956079 · Cited by 24
Research progress of neuroinflammation-related cells in traumatic brain injury: A review
Zhao, Q., Li, H., Li, H., Xie, F., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034009 · Cited by 25
Role of AHR in the control of GBM-associated myeloid cells
Gabriely, G., & Quintana, F. J. (2019) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.014 · Cited by 26
Grubman, A., Vandekolk, T. H., Schröder, J., Sun, G., Hatwell-Humble, J., Chan, J. M., Oksanen, M., Lehtonen, Š., Hunt, C. P. J., Koıstınaho, J., et al. (2020) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.04.007 · Cited by 26
Synaptic pruning by microglia: lessons from genetic studies in mice
de Deus, J. L., Faborode, O. S., & Nandi, S. (2024) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000541379 · Cited by 23
The role of CNS macrophages in streptococcal meningoencephalitis
Gres, V., Kolter, J., Erny, D., & Henneke, P. (2019) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4mr1118-419r · Cited by 23
Myeloid cells in retinal and brain degeneration
Guo, M., Schwartz, T. D., Dunaief, J. L., & Cui, Q. N. (2021) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.16177 · Cited by 25
One Size Does Not Fit All: Heterogeneity in Developmental Hematopoiesis
Barone, C., Orsenigo, R., Meneveri, R., Brunelli, S., & Azzoni, E. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11061061 · Cited by 25
When glia meet induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
Li, L., & Shi, Y. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103565 · Cited by 24
Dynamic regulation and targeted interventions of macrophages in ischemia–reperfusion injury
Lu, P., Shen, R., Yang, J., Wu, L., & Wang, R. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.05.006 · Cited by 25
Microglia across evolution: from conserved origins to functional divergence
Shimizu, T., & Prinz, M. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-025-01368-6 · Cited by 28
Microglia in antiviral immunity of the brain and spinal cord
O’Brien, C. A., Bennett, F. C., & Bennett, M. L. (2022) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2022.101650 · Cited by 26
Self-citationPhysiological Interactions between Microglia and Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Subependymal Niche
Sirerol-Piquer, M. S., Belenguer, G., Morante‐Redolat, J. M., Duart-Abadía, P., Pérez‐Villalba, A., & Fariñas, I. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.009 · Cited by 23
Mathews, M., Wißfeld, J., Flitsch, L. J., Shahraz, A., Semkova, V., Breitkreuz, Y., Neumann, H., & Brüstle, O. (2022) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-022-10433-w · Cited by 20
Ontogenetically distinct neutrophils differ in function and transcriptional profile in zebrafish
García-López, J. P., Grimaldi, A., Chen, Z., Meneses, C., Bravo-Tello, K., Bresciani, E., Banderas, A., Burgess, S. M., Hernández, P. P., & Feijóo, C. G. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40662-7 · Cited by 21
Spiteri, A. G., Wishart, C. L., & King, N. J. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.600822 · Cited by 31
Brain macrophages in vascular health and dysfunction
Bijnen, M., Sridhar, S., Keller, A., & Greter, M. (2024) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2024.11.012 · Cited by 20
Sorrentino, S., Ascari, R., Maderna, E., Catania, M., Ghetti, B. F., Tagliavini, F., Giaccone, G., & Fede, G. D. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052780 · Cited by 23
The dual effect of acetate on microglial TNF-α production
de Fragas, M. G., de Oliveira, D. M., Hiyane, M. I., Braga, T. T., & Câmara, N. O. S. (2022) · Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100062 · Cited by 22
Allogenic microglia replacement: A novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders
Rao, Y., & Peng, B. (2023) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.025 · Cited by 18
Human macrophages and innate lymphoid cells: Tissue-resident innate immunity in humanized mice
Alisjahbana, A., Mohammad, I., Gao, Y., Evren, E., Ringqvist, E. E., & Willinger, T. (2019) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113672 · Cited by 22
Inflammation Unleashed in Viral-Induced Epileptogenesis
DePaula-Silva, A. B., Bell, L. A., Wallis, G. J., & Wilcox, K. S. (2021) · Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents · doi:10.1177/15357597211040939 · Cited by 18
Andries, L., Kancheva, D., Masin, L., Scheyltjens, I., Hove, H. V., Vlaminck, K. D., Bergmans, S., Claes, M., Groef, L. D., Moons, L., et al. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01580-3 · Cited by 21
Microglia in pediatric brain tumors: The missing link to successful immunotherapy
du Chatinier, A., Velilla, I. Q., Meel, M. H., Hoving, E. W., Hulleman, E., & Metselaar, D. S. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101246 · Cited by 22
Martino, G., Farina, C., & Grassivaro, F. (2020) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.295272 · Cited by 18
Deciphering the heterogeneity of myeloid cells during neuroinflammation in the single‐cell era
Borst, K., & Prinz, M. (2020) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12910 · Cited by 17
The Roles of Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Autoimmune Diseases
Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Yang, M., Ding, Y. P., Zhao, M., Wu, H., Zhang, Y., & Lu, Q. (2021) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-020-08829-y · Cited by 18
Leveraging translational insights toward precision medicine approaches for brain metastases
Kim, A. E., Nieblas‐Bedolla, E., de Sauvage, M. A., & Brastianos, P. K. (2023) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-023-00585-0 · Cited by 19
Glia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord injury: common therapeutic targets
Ban, J., Sámano, C., Mladinić, M., & Munitić, I. (2019) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2019.60.109 · Cited by 20
Late-Stage Glioma Is Associated with Deleterious Alteration of Gut Bacterial Metabolites in Mice
Herbreteau, A., Aubert, P., Croyal, M., Naveilhan, P., Billon‐Crossouard, S., Neunlist, M., Delneste, Y., Couez, D., & Aymeric, L. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12040290 · Cited by 19
Role of Microglia in Central Nervous System Development and PlasticityPreprint
Schafer, D. P., Stevens, B., Bennett, M. L., & Bennett, F. C. (2024) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041810 · Cited by 19
Self-citationSimultaneous Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latent and Lytic Transcripts in Brain Tissue
Zhang, S., Zeng, J., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Rice, S., Guo, X., Liu, Y., Feng, P., & Zhao, Z. (2022) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1177/17590914211053505 · Cited by 16
Bianchin, M. M., & Snow, Z. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.032 · Cited by 17
Dorion, M., Yaqubi, M., Murdoch, H. J., Hall, J. A., Dudley, R., Antel, J. P., Durcan, T. M., & Healy, L. M. (2023) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24338 · Cited by 17
The adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 in cytotoxic lymphocytes
Hsiao, C., Vos, E., van Gisbergen, K. P. J. M., & Hamann, J. (2023) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13841 · Cited by 17
Sepulveda, J., Kim, J. Y., Binder, J., Vicini, S., & Rebeck, G. W. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00714-y · Cited by 19
Jesudasan, S. J. B., Gupta, S. J., Churchward, M. A., Todd, K. G., & Winship, I. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.634020 · Cited by 16
Hume, D. A. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.06.006 · Cited by 19
Zhu, B., Wangzhou, A., Yu, D., Li, T., Schmidt, R., Florencio, S. L. D., Chao, L., Thurber, A. L., Zhou, M., Msheik, Z., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.020 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, F. C., Bennett, M. L., Yaqoob, F., Mulinyawe, S. B., Grant, G. A., Hayden Gephart, M., Plowey, E. D., & Barres, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bennett, F. Chris
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1170-1183.e8
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6023731
- OpenAlex
- W2807609377
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 24
- FWCI
- 26.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (S10RR025518-01, NS069375, P50AG047366, R37DA01504317)
- NRSA (F31 NS078813, T32MH019938-22, K08MH112120, K08NS901527, R01CA216054-01, K08 NS075144)
- JPB Foundation
- the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation (853, 04-7023433)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Keywords
- microglia, microglial reprogramming, disease-associated microglia, humanized mice, microglial markers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Central Nervous System, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Macrophages, Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, Cell Lineage, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
